About the time of the close of President Gilman's administration, the philosophical de partment of the university was given, by public spirited Baltimoreans, a new site, comprising about 100 acres in the northern suburbs, and the work of the institution was removed thither in 1914. The second president of the uni versity was Ira Remsen, a distinguished chemist, and he in turn was succeeded by the present president, Frank J. Goodnow, an eminent stu dent of public law.
Professional schools not previously named are the Woodstock College, in Baltimore County, founded in 1867, by the Society of Jesus, as a theological seminary; the House of Studies of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, Mount Saint Clement, at Ilchester, Howard County, established also in 1867, as a school to prepare members of the Redemptorist order for the priesthood ; Saint Joseph's Seminary in Baltimore city to educate men for the Roman Catholic priesthood to labor among the colored people of the South; the Westminster (Carroll County) Theological Seminary under the aus pices of the Methodist Protestant Church ; and the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, the old est dental school in the world, chartered in 1839.
Proyincial History.— Verazzano in 1524 may have looked into the Chesapeake and landed on the Atlantic seaboard of Maryland, but the continuous history of this territory began, when Capt. John Smith, with 14 men in an open barge of three tons burden, left Jamestown in 1608, and spent several weeks in exploring the bay. On his return he drew a remarkably good map of the shores, so that they became well known. He found the aborigines of the Al gonquin stock dwelling in small brick-bark villages in the midst of forest clearings, in which they cultivated maize, potatoes and to bacco. On the Western Shore, the Piscataways and the Nanjemoys were the important tribes, and on the Eastern Shore dwelt the Nanticokes. These Indians possessed stores of furs which they had obtained in hunting and they, willingly, bartered them with the English for manufac tured wares. In general, the Indians of the province received fair treatment from the colo nists. Around the head of the bay, near the Susquehanna River, which bears their name, dwelt the fierce Susquchannocks, of Iroquoian stock, who were subjugated and incorporated with the Five Nations about 1670. After that time, the Senecas frequently came down to raid the frontier settlements, and to despoil the peaceful Patuxents and Piscataways of the Western Shore. Gradually the Indian inhabi tants of Maryland disappeared, and the Nanti cokes, in their migration to the Wyoming Val ley in Pennsylvania about 1750, left but few of their race in the province.
After Smith's expedition, other Virginians sailed into the Chesapeake and the northern fur trade became a well-established enterprise. The Indians also sold maize to the Virginians, and timber was cut for pipe-staves. Chief among these Virginia traders was William Clai borne. He associated himself with the London mercantile firm of Cloberry and Company, and in May 1631 obtained, from the of State for Scotland, a commission, authorizing him and his associates to trade in all parts of New England and Nova Scotia, wherein no trading monopoly had been granted. With this
commission, he sailed up the Chesapeake, and in 17 Aug. 1631 established a trading factory on Kent Island, with about 20 or 30 men. From Chisquack in the Northern Neck of Virginia and Kent Island, a delezate sat hi the Virginia house of burgesses and Claiborne was a mem ber of the Virginia council.
Sir George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore and formerly Secretary of State for England, re tired from office because he had become a Ro man Catholic. He had long been interested in colonial projects, and had received a grant of land and jurisdiction in Avalon, the southeast ern peninsula of Newfoundland. He went there to live, but found the country so barren and the climate so severe that he determined to settle further to the south. Coming to Virginia, the colonists refused to admit him unless he should take the oaths of allegiance and su premacy, which hiS religious belief would not permit him to do. He was so delighted with the country, however, that he returned to Eng land and successfully requested from the Crown a grant of the lands about the Chesapeake. To his which was created a palatinate in which the proprietary should have as wide powers as the bishop of Durham in that county, he gave a name, in the courtier fashion, from that of the queen of Charles I, Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV of Navarre. In the Latin of the Charter, the province was called Terra Maria, or, in English, Maryland. The limits of the grant were much wider than were ever reduced to possession, chiefly because of encroachments of the Duke of York on the Delaware and of William Penn on the north. Those limits were from Watkins Point on the Chesapeake, due east to the Atlantic Ocean, then along the seashore and Delaware Bay to the 40th parallel of north latitude, and along that parallel westward to the meridian of longi tude, which passed through the first fountain of the Potomac River, then along the south, or far bank of that river, the boundary ran to Cinquack, near the river's mouth, whence a straight line should run to Watkins Point. The province was to be held in free and common socage upon a yearly payment of two Indian arrowheads to the Crown. All Englishmen might emigrate to Maryland, and, having ar rived there they and their descendants should enjoy all of the privileges of Englishmen. The proprietary was given power to make laws, °with the advice, assent, and approbation of the freemen, or of their delegates." He tried to use this power literally at first by submitting the draft of laws to a mass meeting of free men, gathering in person or by proxy; but, gradually, the freemen grew too numerous, too widely dispersed and too powerful for this arrangement to continue. They successfully as serted for themselves the right of initiating laws as early as 1638, and from about 1650 a representative body of freemen sat as a House of Delegates, and there was formed a bicameral legislature, upon whose acts the proprietary had a veto. He was not obliged to submit these acts to the Crown. It is not surprising that the Virginians opposed this charter, which gave a Roman Catholic two-thirds of their noble hay, and cut them off from the profitable north ern fur trade.