MOLLER, Friedrich Max (known as Max Muller), English philologist: b. Dessau, Ger many, 6 Dec. 1823; d. Oxford, 28 Oct. 1900. His father was Wilhelm Muller (q.v.), a famous German lyrist, and his maternal great-grand father Basedow, the eductional reformer. His bringing up was in his mother's hands, as his father died when the boy was four. He studied in Leipzig, at the Nicolaischule; had some thoughts of becoming a musician, but entered the University of Leipzig in 1841, and there, under the leadership of Hermann Brochaus, devoted himself to Sanskrit, publishing a Ger man version of the
in 1844; worked under Bopp in philology and Schelling in philosophy at Berlin for a year ; in 1845 went to Paris, where Burnouf suggested to him an edition of the
and religion also have a higher repute among general readers than with the specialist, but it cannot be denied that they did much good in stimulating research, as the
Books' did in supplying a field for such research. In this class of writings mention should be made of the 'Essay on Comparative
(1856) ; 'Introduction to the Science of Re
(1873) ; The Origin and Growth of Religion) (1878) ; 'Natural Religion' (1889) ; 'Physical Religion' (1891); 'Anthropological Religion) (1892) ; 'Theosophy, or Psychological (1893) ; the (Essays on Mythology and Folklore' in the 4th volume of (Chips from a German Workshop); and 'Contributions to the Science of Mythology' (1897). His ver sions from the Sanskrit and the Pali have been alluded to; 'A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature) (1859), and a 'Sanskrit Grammar' also should be mentioned, and it should be borne in mind that it is in this field that the scholar spoke with authority. From his youth Max Muller was interested in philoso phy; he wrote an excellent version of Kant's 'Critique of. Pure Reason' (1881) ; also 'The Science of Thought) (1887), urging that thought was inconceivable without language, and the Oriental studies, 'Three Lectures on the Vedanta Philosophy' (1894), and (The Six Sys tems of Indian Philosophy) (1899). An en• tirely different side of the man is disclosed by (My Indian Friends' (1899), which shows much of his broad and charming personality; or by 'Deutsche Liebe' (1857), a romantic and popu lar story translated into French, Italian and Russian, and appearing in English in two ver sions, one American, unauthorized and very suck cessful, and a later one (1873) by Mrs. Max Muller. He also edited his father's poems (1868), and Scherer's (History of German Lit erature.' His collected works, including the four volumes of 'Chips from a German Work, shop) (1867-75), appeared 1898 et seq. Consult his own
Lang Syne' (1898), and 'My Autobiography' (1901) ; his wife's 'Life and Letters of Max Muller (1902) •, and Whitney, W. D., 'Max Muller and the Science of Lan guage' (New York 1892).