ANTIOCHUS, the name of 13. kings of Syria: 1. Awriockws I, or ANTIOCHUS SOTER, son of Seleucus: b. about 324 /Lc.; d. 261 B.C. He succeeded his father in 280 B.c. and disputed Macedonia with Antigonus Gonatas, but finally relinquished it to him. During the greater part of his reign he was engaged in a protracted struggle with the Gauls, by whom he was killed in battle. 2. II, or ANTIOCHUS THEOS, who succeeded his father Antiochus I. Weakened by war with Egypt, he lost Parthia and Bactria by revolt. He was murdered in 246 s.c. by Laodice, his wife, whom he had put away to marry Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy. 3. ANTIOCHUS III, THE GREAT, grandson of Antiochus II, who succeeded his father Seleu cus Callinicus in 223 B.C. at the age of 15. He made war on Parthia and Bactria, but was com pelled, after a long war, to recognize the inde pendence of these kingdoms. He next invaded India, where he remained for seven years (212 205 s.c.). Invading Asia Minor and crossing to Europe he took possession of the Thracian Chersonese. Antiochus gained an important ally in Hannibal, who had fled for refuge to his court; but lost the opportunity of an invasion of Italy while the Romans were en gaged in war with the Gauls, of which the Carthaginian urged him to avail himself. In
192, at the request of the lEtolians, he crossed to Greece, but was defeated by the consul Acilius Glabrio and returned to Asia. He was defeated by Scipio near Magnesia, 190 B.C. Peace was granted him in 188 B.C. on the ces sion of all his dominions west of Mount Taurus, with a heavy indemnity. He also en gaged to surrender refugees of his court, but he allowed Hannibal to escape. He was killed while plundering_ a temple in Elymais. 4. ANTIOCHUS IV, LPIPHANES, son of Antiochus the Great; d. 164 ac. He is chiefly remarkable for his attempt to extirpate the Jewish religion. 5. ANTIOCHUS V, EUPATOR, son of Antiochus IV, who reigned from 164 s.c. to 162 B.C. 6. ANTIOCHUS VI, THEOS, ruled for three years, 145-142 s.c. 7. ANTIOCHUS VII, SIDETES, the son of Demetrius I: b. about 164 s.c.; d. 129 s.c. He defeated the Parthians in several bat tles. 8. ANTIOCHUS VIII, GRYPUS, son of De metrius II. He ruled 125-113 s.c. and 111-96 B.C. and was slain by Heracleon in the last named year. 9. ANTIOCHUS IX, CYZICENUS, son of Antiochus VII. Defeated in battle against Seleucus V, he committed suicide in 95