APPENZELL, Switzerland, a canton wholly enclosed within the territory of the canton of Saint Gall, and, though covering an area of only 162 square miles, divided into two independent portions, Ausser-Rhoden (101 square miles) or Outer-Rhodes, which is Protestant, and Inner-Rhoden (61 square miles), or Inner-Rhodes, which is Catholic. It is an elevated district, traversed by branches of the Alps; has large tracts of rich pasture land and extensive forests of pine, and is watered by the Sitter and by several smaller affluents of the Rhine. Its climate is cold, but healthful. Glaciers occupy higher val leys. Flax, hemp, grain, fruit, etc., are pro duced, but the wealth of Inner-Rhodes, the more elevated division of the canton, lies in its numerous herds and flocks; that of Outer Rhodes in its manufactures of silk, muslins gauzes, cambrics and other cotton stuffs. The construction of railways has now made Lhe canton more accessible, and great numbers of strangers flock hither annually to take advan tage of the whey-cure establishments of Gais, Weissbad, Gonten, Heiden and Heinrichsbad.
The inhabitants speak a peculiar dialect, which even those who are well acquainted with Swiss-German have great difficulty in under standing. The town of Appenzell (German, Abtencelle, abbot's cell), is the capital of Outer Rhodes, beautifully situated on the with 5,126 inhabitants. Trogen, with 2,347 inhab itants, is the capital of Inner-Rhodes. Schools are numerous and education widely diffused. The division between the Protestant and Cath olic portions of the canton has existed since 1597. They have each an independent local government with representation in the Federal Assembly. Pop. Outer-Rhodes (1910) 58,670; Inner-Rhodes (1910) 14,860. The former is one of the most densely-peopled parts of Europe, its population being equal to more than 500 per square mile. Consult Richman, (1895).