ARGYLE, Campbells of, the desig nation of a distinguished Scottish family. Among its most noted representatives are: ARCHIBALD the 2d Earl, who was killed at the battle of Flodden, 1513. ARCHIBALD, 5th Earl, attached himself to the party of Mary of Guise, and was the means of averting a collision between the reformers and the French troops in 1559. He was commissioner of regency after Mary's abdication, but afterward commanded her troops at the battle of Langside, and died in 1575. ARCHIBALD, 8th Earl and Marquis, b. 1598, was a zealous partisan of the Cov enanters, and was created a marquis by Charles I. It was by his persuasion that Charles II visited Scotland and was crowned at Scone in 1651. At the restoration he was committed to the Tower, and afterward sent to Scotland, where he was tried for high treason, and be headed in 1661. ARCHIBALD, 9th Earl, son of the preceding, served the King with great bravery at the battle of Dunbar and was ac cordingly excluded from the general pardon by Cromwell in 1654. On the passing of the Test Act in 1681 he refused to take the required oath except with a reservation. For this he was tried and sentenced to death. He, how ever, escaped to Holland, whence he returned with a view to aiding the Duke of Monmouth. His plan failed, and he was taken and conveyed to Edinburgh, where he was beheaded in 1685. ARCHIBALD, 10th Earl and 1st Duke, son of the preceding, died in 1703. He took an active part in the revolution of 1688-89 which placed Wil liam and Mary on the throne, and was rewarded by several important appointments and the title of duke. Jon N, 2d Duke, and Duke of Green wich, son of the above, was born in 1680 and died in 1743. He served under Marlborough at the battles of Ramilies, Oudenarde and Malplaquet, and assisted at the sieges of Lisle and Ghent. In 1715 he fought an indecisive battle with the Earl of Mar's forces at Sheriff muir, near Dunblane, and forced the pretender to quit the kingdom. GEORGE JOHN DOUGLAS CAMPBELL, 8th Duke, Baron Sundridge and Hamilton, was born in 1823 and died 24 April 1900. He early took a part in politics, especially in discussions regarding the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. In 1852 he became Lord Privy Seal under Lord Aberdeen, and again under Lord Palmerston, in 1859; Postmaster General in 1860; Secretary for India from 1868 to 1874; again Lord Privy Seal in 1880;but re tired, being unable to agree with his colleagues on their Irish policy. He was the author of
'The Reign of Law' (1866); 'Primeval Man> (1869) ; 'The Burdens of Belief' (1894) ; 'Organic Evolution) (1898). SIR JOHN Donn LASS SUTHERLAND CAMPBELL, 9th Duke of Argyll in the peerage of Scotland and 2d in that of the United Kingdom, hereditary chief of the Clan Campbell, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, K. T., G. C. M. G.: b. 6 Aug. 1845; d. 2 May 1914. He was prob ably better known by his former title of Mar quis of Lorne. He married, 21 March 1871, Princess Louise, daughter of Queen Victoria; was educated Edinburgh Academy, Eton, Saint Andrew's University and Trinity College, Cam bridge. Represented Argyllshire as a Liberal 1868-78. When his father was Secretary of State for India (1868-71) he was his private secretary; he was made a privy councillor in 1875, and was governor-general of Canada 1878-83. In the Home Rule split of 1886 he separated from the Liberal party and contested Central Bradford as a Unionist in 1892. Three years later he was returned for South Man chester and sat in Parliament till 1900, when he succeeded his father in the dukedom. King Edward VII appointed him chancellor of the order of Saint Michael and Saint George; he was hereditary master of the King's household in Scotland, and at the last two English coro nations he carried the sceptre and the garter. He was an honorary colonel of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, the London Scottish and several other regiments. The Duke was a many-sided man, intensely Scottish and en dowed with high literary talent. He wrote poetry, books on travel, imperial politics and Scottish social history. Among his best-known works are 'A Trip to the Tropics and Home Through America) (1867); 'Guido and Lita> (1875) ; Federation) (1885); 'Life of Palmerston (1892) • 'The Life and Times of Queen Victoria' (1901) ; 'Passages from the Past' (1907); and 'Yesterday and To morrow in Canada> (1910). As he left no heir the title devolved upon his nephew, Niall Diar maid Campbell.