ARRIANUS, Flavius, a celebrated Greek philosopher and historian: b. Nicomedia, Bi thynia, who flourished in the 2d century under the Emperor Hadrian and the Antonines. He was a disciple of Epictetus, whose lectures he edited. While residing in Greece he gained the friendship of the. Emperor Hadrian, who bestowed upon him the citizenship of Rome (124 A.D.), and subsequently appointed him pre fect of Cappadocia. He was afterward ad vanced to the senatorial and even consular dig nities. Like Xenophon, whom he imitated in style, he united the literary with the military character. His writings were numerous, but many of them have perished. His (Anabasis' of Alexander the Great, still extant, narrates the Asiatic expedition of Alexander, and being based on the memoirs of Ptolemy Lagus and Aristobulus, who both served under that King, is proportionably valuable. To this is added a book on the affairs of India, which pursues the history of Alexander, but is not deemed of equal authority. An epistle from Arrianus to
Hadrian is also extant, entitled 'Periplus Ponti Euxini) (A Voyage Around the Euxine or Black Sea). There are also ascribed to him 'Treatise on Tactics' ; and a 'Periplus of the Sea of Azof' and of the Red Sea, of which the authority is doubtful. We possess also his
a moral treatise containing an abstract of the practical philosophy of Epicte tus. There have been various editions of the 'Enchiridion) and the 'Anabasis.' Hisphilo sophical works have been translated by 'I'. W. Higenson (Boston 1891) and the
by Chinnock (1893). For biographies consult Bolla, E,