PICCOLOMINI, pik-lo5-16m'E-nE, Italian family of Sienna. The two most celebrated members are: 1. AENEAS SYLVIUS BARTHOLO M.EUS, afterward Pope Pius II. (See Plus II). 2. OcrAvm, grand-nephew of the first: b. Amalfi, 1599; d. Vienna, 10 Aug. 1656. He served in the armies of the German emperor and became one of the distinguished generals in the Thirty Years' War. He was a favorite of Wallenstein, who entrusted him with a knowledge of his projects, wnen he purposed to attack the emperor. Nevertheless he made him self the chief instrument of Wallenstein's over throw, and after the latter's assassination (1634) was rewarded with a portion of his estates. After the battle of Nordlingen (1634), in which the Swedes were greatly weakened, he advanced with Isolani through Wiirtemberg, over the Main. In the following year he was sent to aid the king of Spain against the French and delivered the Netherlands from the hands of the latter. His further successful campaigns
in the Thirty Years' War induced Philip IV of Spain to beg the emperor to allow him to lead the Spanish armies. The request was granted and as a Spanish general Piccolomini again distinguished himself in the Netherlands, against both the French and the Dutch. The lung of Spain rewarded him for his services with the duchy of Amalfi. During the vic torious advance of the Swedes in 1648 he was recalled by the emperor and appointed, with the title of field-marshal, to the command of the troops destined to oppose them. His tary career was concluded after a short He is one 0 cam Rli,para.inthesaome year by the Peace of West the principal characters in ocniller's trilogy of (WalIensteiri,) to the sec ond part of which he gives the title. Consult Weyhe-Einike, (1871).