Physick
Physick, Fiz'nc, Philip Syng, American Surgeon: B. Philadelphia, 7 1768; D. There, 15 Dec. 1837. His Father, Edmund Physick, Was An Englishman And, Previous To The Out Break Of The Revolution, Keeper Of The Great Seal Of Pennsylvania. Philip Syng Physick Was Graduated From The College Of The Uni Versity ...
Physics
Physics May Be Defined As The Science Of Energy, Of The Transformations Of Energy And Of Its Relation To Matter. This Is An Im Perfect Definition In That, First, A Comprehensive Understanding Of The Meaning Of Energy Involves A Complete Knowledge Of Physics; And Second, The Science Of Energy, In ...
Physiocratic School
Physiocratic School, In Political Economy, A School In France Headed By Ques Nay (q.v.) And Gournay (q.v.), Who, In Opposi Tion To The Mercantile System, Regarded The Production Of Raw Materials, And More Espe Cially Agriculture As The Great Source Of National Well-being, And Sought To Regulate Legislation Accordingly, Laying ...
Physiography
Physiography (greek, Physis = Na Ture +graphic = Description), Has Been Vari Ously Defined. By Many It Is Considered To Be Synonymous With Geomorphology Or Geomorph Cgeny. In This Sense It May Be Defined As The Science Which Treats Of Land Forms And Their Origin. On The Other Hand It ...
Physiology
Physiology. Physiology Is The Science That Deals With Organic Processes Or Function. In Such A Very General Definition, The Word °function° Applies Not To Machines (because We Do Not Know That Organisms Properly Are Ma Chines), But To Organism. It Does Not Refer To Organic Motions Merely, But To Functions, ...
Piacenza
Piacenza, Pe-i-ch&i'zi (ancient Placen• Tia), Italy, City, Capital Of The Province Of Pia Cenza; One-third Mile South Of The Po River; 43 Miles Southeast Of Milan And 35 Miles North West Of Parma. It Is A Fortified City And Has Always Been Considered Of Great Strategic And Commercial Importance. The ...
Piacere
Piacere Is D'annunzio's First Novel, And Was First Published In 1889, When He Was 26 Years Old. A More Fitting Title Than The One Which The Author Gave It Is That Of The English Translation By Georgina Harding,
Pianoforte
Pianoforte, A Stringed Musical Instru Ment Commonly Known As A "piano,* And Essen Tially Consists Of A Series Of Stretched, Graded And Tuned Wires Which Are Struck By Felt-cov Ered Hammers By The Operation Of Keys Con Veniently Arranged In A Keyboard. The Term, "pianoforte," Which Is The Original Term ...
Pianoforte Instruction
Pianoforte Instruction, Meth Ods Of. The Word "method," As Applied To Piano Forte Instruction, May Be Used In A Double Sense. In The First Place It May Refer To The Current Collections Of Exercises And Pieces Which Are Used For The Teaching Of Beginners; In The Second Place It May ...
Piatt
Piatt, Prat, Donn, American Lawyer And Journalist: H. Cincinnati, Ohio. 29 June 1819; D. Cleveland, Ohio, 12 Nov. 1891. He Was Educated At The Athenaeum, Now Saint Xavier's College, Cincinnati, And By Private Tutors. Though He Studied Law With His Father For A Number Of Years And Became A Partner ...
Piatt_2
Piatt, John James, American Poet: B. James' Mill, 'dearborn County, Ind., 1 March 1835; D. Cincinnati, Ohio, 16 Fed. 1917. He Was Educated At Capitol University (columbus, Ohio) And Kenyon College (gambier, Ohio), Was Clerk In The United States Treasury Depart Ment In 1861-67, Librarian Of The United States House ...
Piauhy
Piauhy, Pe-ow-e, Or Piauhi, A State Of Southern Brazil, Bounded On The North By The Atlantic (for Only 43 Miles), On The East By Ceari And Pernambuco, On The South By Bahia And On The West By Maranhao, The Boundary Being The Parnahyba River, Into Which All The Streams Of ...
Piazzi
Piazzi, Giuseppe, Joo-sep'pe Pe-at'se, Ital Ian Astronomer: B. Ponte, Valtellina, Italy, 16 July 1746; D. Naples, Italy, 22 July 1826. He Was Educated In Milan, Turin And Rome, And Appointed Professor Of Mathematics At The Uni Versity Of Malta In 1770, Where He Remained Until Its Abolition In 1780. In ...
Pica
Pica, A Perverted Or Morbid Appetite For Substances Unfit For Food, Or Incapable Of Diges Tion. It Is Most Common In Chlorosis And In Pregnant And Hysterical Women. Some Insane Persons And Idiots Are Subject To It, Introducing Into The Stomach Such Articles As String, Paper And Cocoanut Fibre. The ...
Picard
Picard, George Henry, American Nov Elist: B. Berea, Ohio, 3 Aug. 1850. He Was Graduated From Baldwin University, Berea, In 1869, And From The Cincinnati Medical College In 1877. He Has Published 'a Matter Of Taste' (1:•:7)• ' 'a Mission Flower) (1887) • 'old Bon Iface) 0881) ; 'madame Noel' ...
Picard_2
Picard, Louis Benoit, French Dramatist: B. Paris, 29 July 1769; D. There, 31 Dec. 1828. He Went On The Stage And Began Writing For It At The Age Of 18, And Had His First Play, 'le Bandinage Dangereux,' A Comedy, Accepted In 1789. In 1791 His Play 'encore Des Menechmes) ...
Piccadilly
Piccadilly, Pilea-d11-1, In London, A Famous Street Extending For A Mile Between The Haymarket And Hyde Park Corner. At Its Northern End Is An Open Space Known As Pic Cadilly Circus. Its Western Half Is Flanked On The South By The Green Park. In One Part Of Piccadilly Are Many ...
Piccinni
Piccinni, Pet-che'ne, Niccolo, Italian Musical Composer: B. Bari, Italy, 16 Jan. 1728; D. Passy, Near Paris, France, 7 May 1800. He Studied At The Conservatory Of San Onofrio At Naples And Began To Compose Comic And Serious Operas, Chiefly For The Stages Of Rome And Naples, With Such Success That ...
Piccolomini
Piccolomini, Pik-lo5-16m'e-ne, Italian Family Of Sienna. The Two Most Celebrated Members Are: 1. Aeneas Sylvius Bartholo M.eus, Afterward Pope Pius Ii. (see Plus Ii). 2. Ocravm, Grand-nephew Of The First: B. Amalfi, 1599; D. Vienna, 10 Aug. 1656. He Served In The Armies Of The German Emperor And Became One ...
Pickerel Pike
Pike, Pickerel, Fresh-water, Ravenous Fishes Of The Family Luciide Or Esocide. They Are Teleostomous Fishes, Forming, With The Mud Minnows, Cyprinodonts And Blind Fishes, The Order Haplomi. In The Pikes The Body Is Lengthened, Flattened On The Back, And Tapers Abruptly Toward The Tail. One Dorsal Fin Exists, Placed Far ...
Pickering
Pickering, Timothy, American States Man; B. Salem, Mass., 17 July 1745; D. There, 29 Jan. 1829. He Was Graduated At Harvard In 1763, Was Admitted To The Bar, Became Register Of Deeds For Salem County And Displayed So Great Interest In Military Matters That He Was Commissioned Lieutenant Of Militia ...
Pickwick Papers
Pickwick Papers. "the Posthumous Papers Of The Pickwick Club' Issued In 20 Monthly Numbers, Began To Appear The Last Of March 1836, And Were Concluded In November 1837. They Were The Work Of A Young Man But 25 Years Old, Who Had Hitherto Written Noth More Than A Group Of ...
Pico Della Mirandola
Pico Della Mirandola, Giovanni, J6-varine Pek6 Della Me-rail's:r:1-1i, Count Of Mirandola, Surnamed The Italian Humanist : B. Mirandola, 24 Feb. 1463; D. Flor Ence, 17 Nov. 1494. He Undertook The Course In Canon Law At Bologna, But Repugnance To The Study And An Inclination To Philosophical And Scientific Subjects Led ...
Picquart
Picquart, Georges, Zhbrzh French Soldier, Prominent M °the Dreyfus Case; B. Strassburg, 6 Sept. 1854; D. 19 Jan. 1914. He Entered Saint Cyr In 1872, And, After Two Years There, Spent Two More In The Ecole D'etat Major, From Which He Was Graduated In 1876 With The Second Rank In ...
Pidal
Pidal, Pedal, Ramo% Menedez, Spanish Philologist, Critic And Educationalist: B. Coruna, 13 March 1869. Educated At The Universities Of Madrid And Toulouse He Became Professor Of Roman Philology At The Former University (1899). His Markedly Critical Mind, His Mas Tery Of The French Tongue And His Extensive Writings Soon Won ...
Piedmont
Piedmont, Battle Of. After The Battle Of New Market (q.v.), 15 May 1864, General Sigel Was Relieved, And 21 May General Hunter Was Assigned To The Command Of The Union Forces In The Shenandoah Valley. The Com Mand In The Field Consisted Of Gen. J. C. Sulli Van's Division Of ...
Pierce
Pierce, Pets, Franklin, 14th President Of The United States (1853-57) : B. Hillsboro, N. H., 23 Nov. 1804; D. Concord, N. H., 8 Oct. 1869. His Father, Benjamin Pierce (1757-1839), Served In The Revolutionary War, Was Member Of The State Legislature 1789-1801, And From 1803 To 1809. He Was A ...
Pieter De Hooch
Pieter De Hooch (or Hoogh), Pe Ter De Hen (hog), Dutch Painter: B. About 1630; D. About 1681. Very Little Is Known Of The Life Of This Painter, Of Whom No Authenti Cated Portrait Exists And A Number Of Con Temporary Pieter De Hoochs Have Added Con Fusion To The ...
Pietism
Pietism, A Religious Movement In The Lutheran Churches Of Germany, Which Had Its Rise Toward The End Of The 17th Century. Like Methodism And Methodist, Pietism And Pietist Were Originally Terms Of Contempt Bestowed On Religious Innovators By Their Conservative Op Ponents. The Author Of The Pietist Movement Was Philip ...
Pigeon
Pigeon, A General Name Applied To Any Species Of Bird Of The Family Cotunibidte, Or Col Lectively To The Entire Group, Or In An Even Wider Sense To The Whole Order Columba.. No Sharp Distinction Can Be Drawn Between The Usage Of The Words Dove And Pigeon For Birds Of ...
Pigeon Hawk
Pigeon Hawk, A Small Falcon (falco Columbarius), Distributed Throughout The Em Hemisphere. There Are More Than A Dozen Species Scattered Over The World, The Two Most Common Being The European Representatives Hobby And Merlin; They Prefer Wooded Culti Vated Districts, And Usually Follow In The Train Of The Small Migratory ...
Pilate
Pilate, Priat, Pontius (ponnus Pu.a Tim), The Roman Governor (procurator) Of Judaea, Samaria And Idumea At The Time Of Christ's Crucifixion: He Held That Station From The Year 26 Till He Was Deprived Of Office In 36: The Capital Of The District Ruled By Him Was Caesarea, In. Earlier Times ...
Pilgrimages
Pilgrimages, Journeys To Distant Places For Devotional Purposes. The Custom Of Pilgrimage Is Ancient And, Until Modern Times, Was Universal. In Ancient Egypt And Syria Were Privileged Temples To Which Devotees Re Sorted From Distant Parts. Pilgrimage Is An Im Portant Element In The Religions Of India. In The Period ...
Pilgrims Progress
Pilgrim's Progress, The. This Is An Allegory Of The Life Of Man, The Journey Of The Awakened Soul To God. Crying Uwhat Shall I Do?' Christian Flees From The City Of Destruc Tion, Puts Aside His Jeering Or Pitying Neigh Bors, Struggles Through The Slough Of Despond, Trembles Under Sinai, ...
Pill
Pill, A Form Of Prepared Medicine Con Sisting Of A Small Globule Convenient In Size For Swallowing. The Ordinary Weight Of A Pill Is Five Grains. Some Vegetable Substances Used As Medicines May Be Made Into Pills Without The Addition Of Any Other Material, Hut.usually The Substances Having Medicinal Properties ...
Pilot
Pilot, The; A Tale Of The Sea, Published In January 1824 (the Earliest Edition Is Actually Dated 1823), Was James Fenimore Cooper's Fourth Novel And His First Sea Tale. He Had Undertaken To Surpass Scott's 'pirate' (1821) In Seamanship, And. A Sailor By Profession, Not Only Succeeded In This But ...
Pilot And His Wife
Pilot And His Wife, The (tlod Sen Og Hans Hustru'), A Novel By Jonas Lie, Appeared In 1874. Lie Is Above All The Story Teller Of Maritime Life, And He Has Written Many Excellent Novels Dealing Especially With Sailors And Fishermen And With Scenes On The Norwe Gian Coast. (the ...
Pilot And Pilotage
Pilot And Pilotage. A Pilot Is A Seafaring Man Familiar With A Particular Coast, Who Is Licensed By The Government Or State To Navigate Vessels Within A •particular District. In Every Large Harbor Where There Is Ninth Water Traffic, Pilots Go Out In Small Boats Or Tugs To Meet Incoming ...
Piloty
Piloty, Karl Von, German Painter: B. Munich, 1 Oct. 1826; D. There, 21 July 1886. After Attending For A Short Time The Munich Academy, Where He Especially Attached Himself To The Guidance Of Schnorr, He Joined The Litho Graphic Business Of His Father. He Later Fell Under The Influence Of ...
Pimples
Pimples, Eruptions Of The Skin, Of Which Several Varieties Are Distinguished By Special Names, But Various Causes May Transform One Of These Into Another. The Typical Pimple Is A Slight Swelling With An Inflamed Base. The Papule Is A Solid Elevation, Apparently Contain Ing No Fluid, And Either Of The ...
Pinchot
Pinchot, Gifford, American Forestry Expert: B. Simsbury, Conn.. 11 Aug. 1865. In 1889 He Was Graduated At Yale University, After Which He Studied Forestry In France, Germany, Switzerland And Austria. In January 1892 He Began The First Systematic Forest Work In The United States At Biltmore, N. C. His Work ...
Pinckney
Pinckney, Pink'rti, Charles Cotesworth, American Soldier And Statesman: B. Charleston, S. C., 25 Feb. 1746; D. There, 16 Aug. 1825. He Was Educated At Oxford; Read Law In The Mid Dle Temple, London; Studied Military Affairs In The Royal Academy At Caen, France, And In 1769 Began The Practice Of ...
Pindar
Pindar (gr. Ntvdapoc), Greek Lyric Poet: . B. Cynoscephalae, Near Thebes, 521 D. Argos, Probably 443 A.c. For The Development Of His Poetical Talent He Was Sent To Athens, Where He Became The Pupil Of Lasus Of Her Mione, The Athenian School Of Dithyrambic Poetry. On His Return To Thebes ...
Pindar_2
Pindar, Odes Of Few Names Were So Venerated Among The Ancient Greeks As The Great Theban Poet, Pindar. As Homer Was Their °epic Poet" And Sophocles Their °tragic Poet,* So Pindar Was Their °lyric Poet* His Chair Was Preserved At Delphi, And At The Peri Odic Theogenia Or Sacred Festival ...
Pine
Pine, A Genus (pines) Of Trees And A Few Shrubs Of The Order Conifers. The Species, Of Which About 70 Well-marked Ones Have Been De Scribed, Are Natives Of The Northern Hemi Sphere And More Than Half Are Indigenous To North America. Their Distribution Is From The Arctic Zone To ...
Pine Mountain
Pine Mountain, Engagement Of. Gen. J. E. Johnston, Commanding The Con Federate Army Opposing General Sherman In The Atlanta Campaign, Abandoned His Lines In Front Of New Hope Church 4 June 1864 And Withdrew To A New Position Prepared By His Engineer, Run Ning West From Brush Mountain To Pine ...
Pineapple
Pineapple, A Perennial Herb (ilnanas Sativus) Of The Family Bromeliacem It Is A Native Of The American Tropics, But Has Been In Troduced Into Warm Climates Throughout The World. It Grows About Three Feet High, Bears Long, Stiff, Sword-shaped, Brittle Leaves In An Elon Gated Rosette, From The Centre Of ...
Pinero
Pinero, Pi-ner'o, Arthur Wing, Eng Lish Dramatist: B. London, 24 May 1855. His Ancestors The Pinheiros, Portuguese Jews, Set Tled In England In The 18th Century. He Was A Solicitor's Clerk For Several Years; Went On The Stage In 1874, Appearing First In Edinburgh; Be Came A Member Of Henry ...
Pinkerton
Pinkerton, Pingicer-ton, Allan, Scot Tish-american Detective: B. Glasgow, Scotland, 25 Aug. 1819; D. Chicago, Ill., 1 July 1884. In Scotland He Had Learned The Trade Of Cooper And After His Arrival In The United States Set Up A Cooperage At Dundee, Near Chicago. In 1842 He Came To Chicago, Ill., ...
Pinks
Pinks, A Genus (dianthus) Of Mostly Perennial Herbs Of The Order Caryophyllaccr. The Species, Of Which About 200 Have Been De Scribed, Are Natives Of The Eastern Hemisphere, Especially Europe And Western Asia. Their Jointed Stems, Which Grow In Tufts, Bear Grass Like Leaves And Terminal, Often Fralzrant, Flow Ers ...
Pinnipedia
Pinnipedia, A Suborder Of Carnivore, The Seals, Especially Adapted In The Structure Of Their Links To An Aquatic Existence, As The Name Indicates. Both Pairs Of Limbs, And Especially Their Proximal Segments, ; Re Very Short, And The Distal Part Flattened, Webbed And Paddle-like. The Hind Limbs Are Placed Very ...
Pinturicchio
Pinturicchio, Pen-too-rek'ke-o (ethe Good Little Painter"), Easel Name Of Bernardino De Betto Bagio, Italian Painter: B. Perugia, 1454; D. Siena, 11 Dec. 1513. It Is Thought That He Was A Fellow-student Of Pietro Perugino Under Niccolo Da Foligno, And He Was Assisting Perugino (his Senior By Only Eight Years), At ...
Pinzon
Pinzon, Vincente Yaftez, Spanish Ship Builder And Navigator: B. About 1450; D. About 1525. He Was A Brother Of Martin Alonso Pinzon (q.v.) And A Native Of Palos, And Set Sail From There On Columbus' First Voy Age As Commander Of The Third Caravel, The Nina. But He Is Better ...
Piombo
Piombo, Sebastiano Del, Ital Ian Painter: B. Venice, 1485; D. Rome, 21 June 1547. His Family Name Was Luciani. Having Renounced Music, To Which He Had Early De Voted Himself, For Painting, He Studied Under Giovanni Bellini And Giorgione, The Latter Of Whom He Especially Imitated. Something Of The Fine ...
Pious Fund Of California
Pious Fund Of California, An Endowment Fund Dating From 1697 And Created From Voluntary Donations And Subscriptions Re Ceived Or Solicited From Various Benefactors And Religious Bodies, Chiefly In Mexico, To Be Applied To The Propagation Of The Catholic Faith In California. The First Chief Contributors Who Each Gave $1,000 ...
Pipe
Pipe, Manufacture Of. Pipes Are Hollow Cylinders Made Of Various Materials And Used As Conduits For Liquids, Air Or Gas. The Ma Terial Of Construction Varies According To The Character Of. The Substance To Be Conveyed, Its Availability In Any Particular Locality And Its Relative Cheapness. They May Be Divided ...
Pipe Lines
Pipe Lines. A Form Of Transportation That May Be Used For Any Liquid Or Gas, But Which Is Principally Employed To Transport The Petroleum And Natural Gas Products From The Wells In The Oil Fields To The Refineries And The Markets Or Points Of Utilization, With The Mini Mum Of ...
Piper
Piper, The. Josephine Preston Pea Body's (the Piper' Won A Prize Offered In Com Petition By The English Actor, F. R. Benson, For The Best Poetic Drama. It Had Previously Been Submitted To The New Theatre, New York, But Had Been Rejected. The Interest Created By Its Production At The ...
Pippa Passes
Pippa Passes. This Brief But Delightful Poetic Drama By Browning Was Published As The Initial Number Of 'bells And Pomegranates' In 1841, And, According To Mr. Gosse, Was The First Work Of Its Author To Win The Public. Mrs. Orr Says That It Was Conceived When The Poet Was Once ...
Piquet
Piquet, Pe-ki', A Game Of Cards Played Between Two Persons With 32 Cards, All The Plain Cards Below Seven Being Thrown Aside. On The Cards Being Shuffled The Players Cut For Deal; The Party Drawing The Lowest Card Has To Deal First. The Cards Are Then Dealt Two By Two ...
Pirate
Pirate, One Who Sails The Seas For The Purpose Of Rubbery, Whether In Command Of A Ship Or As One Of The Crew; A Highwayman Of The Sea; A Freebooter, Or Buccaneer. Piracy Is The Term Applied To The Crime Of Robbery Coin Pitted Upon The High Seas. It Is ...
Pireus
Pireus, Pi-re Us, Greece, The Port Of The City Of Athens, Lying Five Miles Southeast Of The City And Now Terminus Of Railroads To Athens And To The Morea. Three Excellent Harbors In Dent The Shore Deeply, Piraeus, Zea And Mu Nychia. Munychia Is Also The Name Of The Moun ...
Pisa
Pisa, Peza. Or -s5, Italy, A Province Of Tuscany And Its Capital City. (1) The Province Of Pisa, Bounded On The North By Lucca, On The East By Florence And Siena, On The South By Grosseto, And On The West By Livorno And The Ligurian Sea, Has Hills In The ...
Pisistratus
Pisistratus, Pi-sis'tra-tus, A Notable Greek °tyrant* Of Athens: D. About 527 He First Appears As An Educated Well-to-do Citi Zen Of Athens, Of Most Engaging Manners And Strong Ambitions. He Held A Minor Office At The Time There Were Three Parties In Greece: The Party Of The Plain, Comprising The ...
Pitcairn Island
Pitcairn Island, A British Posses Sion In The Polynesian Islands, Belonging To The Low Archipelago, In Lat. 25° 5' S.; Long. 130° 5' W., About Two Miles Long And One Mile Wide. Its Coast Is Almost Perpendicular And Is Fringed With Rocks And Reefs, Making It Impossi Ble To Land ...
Pitcher
Pitcher, Zina, American Physician: B. Washington County, N. Y., 1797; D. 1872. In 1822 He Was Graduated At Middlebury College And Soon Afterward Was Appointed Assistant Surgeon In The Army. In 1835 He Was President Of The Army Medical Board. After 15 Years, Connection With The Army Medical Service, He ...
Pitt
Pitt, William, English Parliamentary Ora Tor And Statesman: B. Hayes, Near Bromley, Kent, 28 May 1759; D. Putney, 23 Jan. 1806. He Was The Son Of The Earl Of Chatham (q.v.). In 1773 He Entered Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, Where His Knowledge Of Mathematics And The Classics Seems To Have Astonished ...
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, The University Of. Formerly The Western University Of Pennsyl Vania, Coeducational Institution Of Higher Educa Tion, Located At Pittsburgh, Pa. The First Charter Was Granted In 1787 Under The Name Of The Pittsburgh Academy, The Second Oldest In Stitution Of Learning West Of The Appalachian Mountains. The Constitution Of ...
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pa. (incorrectly Spelled "pittsburg," Pittsburgh Being The True Name Of The City, Originally Given To It, Used On Its Great Seal From The Date Of Its Incorporation And Legalized Byjoint Resolution Of Congress), The Metropolis Of The Ohio Valley And County-seat Of Allegheny County, Pa., Is Located At The ...