PIUS, Oils, the name of 10 popes, as fol lows: Pius I, Saint: d. 155. Little more is known of him than that he succeeded Hyginus about 140, and died about 154. His day is 11 July.
Pius II ( ./EN EA S SYLVIUS PICCOMM IN', E-neas sil'vi-us lb. Corsig nano, near Siena, 18 Oct. 1405; d. Ancona, 14 Aug. 1464. He belonged to an illustrious family and in 1431 assisted at the Council at Basel as secretary. He was subsequently secretary to the antipope Felix V, and then to the Emperor Frederick III, by whom he was employed on various embassies. Eugenius IV made him apostolic secretary and by Nicholas V he was made bishop of Trieste in 1447 and sent as nuncio to Bohemia. Moravia and Silesia. He became bishop of Siena in 1449 and Calixtus III created him cardinal 18 Dec. 1456. Early in his career he was a liberal in ecclesiastical matters, but he now became a staunch upholder of papal authority both in opposition to the secular power and to the authority of councils. He was one of the most learned men of his day and distinguished by moderation and a conciliatory spirit. He succeeded Calixtus III 19 Aug. 1458. and in the next year assembled a congress at Mantua to plan a crusade against the Turks, but nothing of importance was then accomplished. He is best known at the present day by his writings, and as author and scholar furnishes an excellent example of the learning of the Renaissance. His works include 'His tory of Bohemia' ; • 'History of the Council of Basel' ; 'History of Frederick III,' etc. Consult Lives by Voigt (1856-63) and Weiss (1897) ; Creighton, 'Historical Es says and Reviews' (1902).
Pius III (FRANCESCO TODESCHINI, f ri.n ches'k6 to-des-kene) : b. Siena, 29 May 1439; d. 18 Oct. 1503. He was a nephew of Pius II, by whom he was made bishop of Siena and sub sequently cardinal. He was elected Pope in suc cession to Alexander VI on 22 Sept. 1503, but died only 26 days afterward.
Pius IV (GIOVANNI ANGELO DE' MEDICI, jo-van'ne an'ja-lo di mi'de-che) h Milan, 31 March 1499; d. 9 Dec. 1565. He studied medicine and law, but subsequently entered the Church-and was made an archbishop in 1545 and cardinal in 1549. Ten years later (26 Dec. 1559) he succeeded Paul IV in the papal chair. The most important event of his pontificate was the reopening of the Council of Trent. In 1564 he published a bull confirming the decrees of this council. The confession of faith known
as the Creed of Pius IV (q.v.) was put forth by him as a statement of the dogmas defined in the council.
Pius V, Saint ( MICHELE GHISLIERI, ges-16-rre) : b. Bosco, near Alessandria, Italy, 17 Jan 1504; d. 1 May 1572. He entered the Dominican Order at 14 and was so distin guished by austerity of his life, and his zeal against heresy, that he was appointed inquisitor in Lombardy, and in 1558 inquisitor-general. He was created cardinal in 1557, and succeeded Pius IV, 7 Jan. 1566. He at once began to enforce reforms with great vigor and aroused i much opposition by his seizure, imprisonment and burning of persons convicted or suspected of heresy, among whom were several men of note. He reissued the bull, "'In ccenam Domini,* and expelled the Jews from the states of the Church, excepting only the cities of Rome and Ancona. The victory over the Turks at Lepanto was largely the result of the efforts of Pius V, who organized with Venice and Spain the Holy League against them. He was canonized in 1712. Consult Falloux, 'Histoire de Saint Pie V' (3d ed., 1858).
Pins VI (GIOVANNI ANGELICO BRASCHI, jo van'ne an1114 leo bris'ke) : b. Cesena, Italy, 27 Dec. 1717; d. Valence, France, 29 Aug. 1799. He was made a cardinal in 1773 and succeeded Clement XIV 15 Feb. 1775. He immediately instituted reforms in the public treasury, and next completed the museum in the Vatican, but his greatest work was the draining of the Pontine marshes. When the Austrian emperor, Joseph II, decreed that all the religious orders in his dominions were free from papal juris diction, Pius, apprehensive of the consequences of such a measure, went in person to Vienna in 1782, but his remonstrances were futile. At the time of the French Revolution the Pope having favored the allies, Bonaparte entered the papal dominions and compelled him to pur chase a peace. Basseville, an agent of the re public to Rome, aroused so much hatred that he was presently slain by the populace. The French forces under Duphot attempted to re store order, but the papal soldiers routed them, and Duphot was slain. Bonaparte accordingly entered Italy, made the Pope prisoner and plundered the city. The aged Pontiff was then carried away by the victors, and hurried over the Alps to Valence, where he died.