PSEUDONYM (Fr. pseudonyms, from Gk. pseudonymos). A name adopted by an author who desires to remain unknown, or as sumed for the purpose of attracting more at tention at first might follow from the use of the author's own name. (See A NONY MOUS). Pseudonymous authorship raises certain legal points as to the rights of the author under the Copyright Law (q.v.). In the United States it has been held, though not always, that a copy right acquired under a pseudonym protects fully the actual author if he is the user .of the pseudonym. In practically every civilized country there have been published a number of works listing and revealing the pseudonyms used •by their respective authors. For pseu donyms used by the authors of France, Ger many, Great Britain, the Middle Ages and the United States. Consult Barbier, A. A., 'Dic tionnaire des Onorages Anonymes et Pseu donymes) (3d ed., 4 vols. Paris 1872-79; supplement, edited by P. G. Brunet, Paris 1889) ; Celani, H., 'Additions et Corrections au Dicuonnaire des Anonymes de Barbieri (in Revue des Bibliotheques, Vol. XI, p. 333, Paris 1901) ; Courtney, W. P., 'The Secret of our National Literature' (London 1908) ; Cushing, W., 'Initials and Pseudonyms' (2 vols., New
York 1885-88) ; Franklin, A. L. A., 'Diction naire des Noms, Surnoms, et Pseudonymes Latins de l'Histoire Litteraire du Moyen Age, 1100-1530) (Paris 1875) ; Halkett, S., and J. Laing, 'A Dictionary of the Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature of Great (4 vols., Edinburgh 1882-88) ; Haynes, 3. E., 'Pseudonyms of Authors' (New York Holzmann, M., and J. Bohatta, (Deutsches Pseudonymen Lexikon' (Vienna 1906) ; La Fare, A., ed., 'Petit Dictionnaire des Pseu donymes' (in 'Tort-Paris,' p. 802, Paris 1918); Manes, A., 'Das Recht des Pseudonyms) (Got tingen 1899) ; Marchmont, F., 'A Concise Handbook of Literature Issued under Pseu donyms and Initials' (London 1896) ; Querard, J. M., ed., 'Les Supercheries Litteraires Devoi lees' (3d ed., 3 vols., Paris 1869-70) ; Thomas, R., 'Handbook for Fictitious Names' (London 1868) ; Id., 'Aggravating Ladies: Being a List of Works Published under the Pseudonym of Lady" (London 1880); Weller, E., 'Lexicon Pseudonymorum; W6rterbuch der Pseu donymen aller Zeiten and Volker' (Regens burg 1886).