RAUCH, rowcn, Christian Daniel, Ger man sculptor: b. Arolsen, western Germany, 2 Jan. 1777; d. Dresden, 3 Dec. 1857. In Arol sen he received his first instruction in art from the sculptor Valentin, under whom he executed ornamental work chiefly. Going to Cassel he became a pupil of Kuhl, the sculptor, and was appointed groom of the chamber in the lcing'S household at Berlin. This gave him an oppor tunity of advancing in his art, and in 1802 he exhibited his (Sleeping Endymion' and mod eled a bust of Queen Louise (1804).' which he subsequently executed in marble at Rome. In this city he found a patron in Humboldt, as well as in the first sculptors of the time, Canova and Thorwaldsen. Among his Roman work of early days must be 'tnentiqacti the )busts of the poet Werner, the life-siaect ,intsts Of Queen Louise, Count Wenyerski, the patater Raphael Mengs, executed under the commission of Lud wig of Bavaria, and the bassi-relievi of 'HiPPol ytus and Phaedra' and 'Mars and Venus Wounded by Diomedes.) By 1824 he had exe cuted 70 busts in marble of which 20 were of colossal size. His colossal bronze statues of
ditcher are feet in height, and he also exe cuted the greater part of the 12 statues in iron which compose the national monument at Kreuz her& pear Berlin. One of his finest works is the group (Faith, Hope and Charity,' which he presented to his native town, Arolsen, while his crowning work as a portrait and historic sculp tor is his statue of Frederick the Great at Ber lin (1851), the result of 20, years' labor. He was one of the first, if not the very first, among German sculptors of his time, combining in his work the pure lines of transcendent dig nity and grace with genuine portraiture of the individual. There is a poetic freedom in his conception of ideal subjects which does not yet overstep the limits of truth and fidelity to na ture, and he may be safely styled the founder of the great Berlin school of sculpture. Con sult Eggers, (Chr. n. Rauch' (1873) • 'Rauch and Goethe, urkundliche Mitteilungen) (1880).