RAYNOUARD, rd-noo-ir, Francois Just. Marie, French poet and philologist: b. Brig noles, department of Var, 18 Sept. 1761; d. Passy, 27 Oct. 1836. He studied for the bar at Aix and practised law at Draguignan with great success. Elected a deputy to the legisla tive assembly in 1791, he attached himself to the Girondins, and on the proscription of that party was thrown into prison. The fall of Robe spierre set him at liberty, whereupon he re sumed his profession of advocate in his native province and acquired a fortune. Having previously made two unsuccessful attempts to live by his pen, he once more settled in Paris. His poems 'La vertu necessaire dans les rt. publiques) (1803) and 'Socrate dans le Temple d'Aglaure> (1804), obtained prizes from the French Academy. These were followed by two tragedies, de Baviere and 'Les Tem pliers,' the latter performed at the Theatre Francais in 1805 by order of Napoleon. In
1806 he was elected a member of the Corps Legislatif. In 1817 he was nominated per petual secretary of the Academy, a post he re signed in 1826, when the ministry presented to the chambers a bill which had for its object the limiting of the liberty of the press. Of most value to the world is the work in the field of Romance philology, his writings including comparee des Langues de l'Europe Latine dans leurs Rapports avec la Langue des Troubadours' (1e21); 'Clioix des Poesies originales des Troubadours) (1816-21); (Lex ique Roman ou Dictionnaire de la Langue des Troubadours comparee aux autres Langues de l'Europe Latine) (posthumous, 1838-44) ; 'Ob servations Philologiques sur le Roman de Rou, et sur quelgues Regles de la Langue des Trou vexes au XIIe Sack) (1829).