ROMANES, r6-man'ez, George John, Eng lish scientist: ,. Kingston, Canada, 20 May 1848; d. Oxford, 23 May 1894. He was gradu ated in 1870 from Caius College, Cambridge, studied in France, Germany and Italy and in 1874-76 worked under Burdon Sanderson in the laboratory of University College, London, and carried out important researches in nervous excitability. In 1879 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1878 published, under the pseudonym oPhysicus,* a work entitled Candid Examination of Theism,' in which he took up a somewhat defiant atheistic position. Subsequently his views underwent considerable change; he revised the (Candid Examination,' and toward the close of his life was engaged on (A Candid Examination of Religion,' in which he returned to theistic beliefs. His notes for this work were published after his death, under the title 'Thoughts on Religion,' edited by Canon Gore. Romanes was an ardent sup
porter of Darwin and the evolutionists and in various works sought to extend evolutionary principles to mind, both in the lower animals and in man. He wrote very extensively on modern biological theories. His chief remain ing works are (Animal Intelligence' (1881) ;
Evidences of Organic Evolution' (Nature Series, 1882) ; 'Mental Evolution in Animals' (1883) ; (Jelly-fish, Star-fish and Sea Urchins' (1885) ; (Mental Evolution in Man' (1888) ; 'Darwin and after Darwin' (1892-95) •, (Examination of Weismannism' (1893) ; (Mind and Motion, an Essay of Monism' (1895). In 1896 appeared a volume of 'Essays,' a selec tion from his 'Poems,' and his 'Life and Let ters,' edited by his wife. Consult Carus, P.,