ROYCROFTERS, The, the name applied to a colony of artisans and artists living at East Aurora, Erie County, N. Y. The founder of the Roycroft colony was Elbert Hubbard (q.v.), who in 1893 established here a printing establishment and a monthly period called The Philistine. Hubbard, imbued with a socialistic doctrine similar to that of William Morris (q.v.) of England, gradually gathered about him numerous kindred spirits, and since 1900 the Roycrofters have been producing hand made books, furniture and wrought-iron work, and have established schools of music, painting and sculpture. There are numerous workshops, a library, church and other buildings at East Aurora, occupied by the Roycrofters, who have increased until the colony numbers several hun dred.
rwa-ya-ko-lar, French statesman and philosopher : b. Sompuis, Marne, 21 June 1763; d. Chateau vieux, 4 Sept. 1845. He was educated at the colleges of Chaumont and Saint Omer and later became an advocate in Paris. He was an active participant in the Pre-Revolutionary movement and was elected one of the representatives of the commune of Paris. During the ascendency of the Jacobins he retired to his native prov ince, where he succeeded in avoiding their sus picions. In 1797 the department of Marne
sent him to Paris as a member of the Council of the Five Hundred and there he endeavored to serve the republic. But his sympathies were not with the Napoleonic regime. His corre spondence with Louis XVIII begun at this period, which was also marked by his tem porary retirement from political life. In 1800 he was appointed to. the chair of philosophy in the University of France and later, became known as 'the head of the !(docteinaire) At the Bourbon restoration' in 1814 he was made Councillor of 'State and Chief of Public struction. In 1827 he was admitted to the French Aeaderhy and, in 1828 became' president 9f the Chamber of Deputies. In 1842 he'retired from public life. He left few Rubliihdd works, but these reveal him as at all times on the side of freedom and enlightenment. In the support of the house of Bourbon he sought the over throw of an empire which seemed to him to have, usurped greater privileges than those of the monarchy it supplanted. His biography.has been written by Barante (1878), Spuller (1895) and V'ingtain (1858). For an outline of his losophy consult jouffroy's translation of Reid.