STOKES, Whitley, Irish Celtic scholar: b. Dublin, 28 Feb. 1830; d. 1909. He was edu cated at Trinity College, Dublin, and called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1855. He went to India in 1862 and became successively secre tary to the governor-general's legislative council and to the legislative department of the gov ernment of India. In 1877-82 he was law mem ber of thegovernor-general's council and dur ing his official career in India drafted the greater part of the present Anglo-Indian codes of civil and criminal procedure (4 vols., 1887 91) and numerous acts relating to property, trusts, etc. In 1879 he was president of the Indian Law Commission. In 1868 he proposed a scheme for collecting and cataloging the Sanskrit manuscript preserved in lnclia. His published works include those treating of legal and those dealing with Celtic subjects, by the latter of which he is best known to the literary and scientific world. He began his Celtic studies in his youth and continued them enthusiastically all his life. Most of his work is of a very learned nature, and some of it is of high literary merit. Especially faithful and sym pathetic are his translations from Celtic into English. His Celtic studies and writings in clude Irish, Scotch, Welsh, Breton and Cornish.
He has placed, through his researches, a vast amount of early Celtic material at the disposi tion of students of the Celtic tongues. The former comprise 'Treatise on the Liens of Legal Practitioners' (1860) ; 'On Powers of Attorney' (1861) ; 'Hindu Law Books' (1865) ; 'The Older Statutes in Force in India, with Notes' (1874) ; and 'The Anglo-Indian Codes' (1887-8. supplements, 1889-91) etc. Among his Celtic works may be named 'Irish Glosses) (1860) ; 'Three Irish Glossaries' (1862) ; 'The Play of the Sacrament' (1862) ; 'The Passion, a Middle Cornish Poem' (1862) ; 'The Crea tion of the World, a Cornish Mystery' (1863); 'Three Middle Irish Families) (1871) ; (Goi delica) (1872) ; 'The Life of Saint Meriasek' (1872) ; 'Middle-Breton Hours' (1876) ; 'The Calendar of Aengus' (1880) ; 'Tripartite Life of Saint Patrick' (1887, in the Rolls Series) ; 'Lives of Saints from the Book of Lismore' (1889) ; (Urkeltischer Sprachschatz' (1894), with Bezzenberger; 'The Martyrology of 0. Gorman) (1895) ; 'The Annals of Tigernach' (1897) ; 'The Eulogy of Saint Columba (1899). He is joint-editor of grische Texte and of the 'Archly fiir Celtische Lexikographie.)