STRAUSS, Richard, German musician and composer: b. Munich, 11 June 1864. He studied music at Munich, was made court musical di rector there in 1886, and became court kapell meister successively at Weimar (1889), Munich (1895) and Berlin (1898), with the Royal Opera. He has made extensive concert tours of Europe and he visited the United States in 1904. Strauss is one of the most successful song writers and composers of music therefor in the German language. He is one of the great masters of orchestration; and he has done much to improve program music. Much of his work is weak in invention but his wonderful technical skill is always in evidence. In addi tion to songs and chamber-music, he published a symphony (1884) • a fantasy for orchestra, 'Aus Italien> (1886); the "symphonic poems' 'Don 'Juan' (1889) ; 'Tod and Verklarung' (1890) ; 'Macbeth' (1891); (Till Eulenspiegels Lustige Streiche> (1894) ; 'Sprach Sarathustra' (1896) ; 'Don Quixote' (1898) ; (Ein Heiden leben' (1899) ; (Sinfonia Domestica' (1904); 'Salome' (1905) ; 'Elektra> (1909) ; (Der Rosen Kavalier> (1911) ; (Ariadne auf Naxos' (1912) ; (1914) ; phonic; (1915) ; (Festliches Praeludiuni' (for orchestra) ; (Enoch Arden); (Das Schloss Ant Meer' ; (Taillefee ; 'Deutsche Motette' ; 'Bar dengesang.) Consult Bie, 0., 'Die moderne
Musik und Richard Strauss' (Berlin 1906); Henderson, W. J., (Modern Musical Drift' (New York 1904); Huneker, J. G., 'Mezzotints in Modern Music' (1899); (New York 1904); Newman, E., 'Richard Strauss' (London 1908) ; Schmitz, E.., 'R. Strauss als Musick-dramatiker) (Munich 1907); Steinitzer, M., 'Richard Strauss' (Berlin 1914) ; Symons, Arthur, 'Studies in Seven Arts> (New York 1906) ; Urban, E., 'Richard Strauss' (Berlin 1901); (Strauss contra Wagner'. (Berlin 1902); Weingartner, Felix, (Post-Beethoven Syin phonists) (New York 1906).