STUTTGART, stooegirt, Germany, capital of Wiirtemberg, in the basin of a broad valley, enclosed by vine-clad or wooded hills, near the Neckar, 40 miles southeast of Carlsruhe. Many of the important buildings are grouped near the central Palace square; chief of these are the old and new Schlosser or Palaces, of the 16th and 17th-18th centuries, respectively, with ex tensive and beautiful grounds, embellished by statuary and fountains. Other interesting feat ures are the numerous princely palaces; the Keinigsbau, with colonnades; Akademie; the Gothic churches of Saint Leonard's, Saint John and the Hospital Church; the Queen Olga buildings, on the north side of Castle square, the National Industrial Museum, with lofty cupolas; the Liederhalle, containing an enor mous hall; the new town-hall, Peace Church, Saint Nicholas, etc. Other interesting feat ures are the numerous collections of antiquities, art, numismatics, archives, conservatory of music, chemical laboratory, schools of art, science and commerce; and the magnificent royal library, which contains about 500,000 vol umes and the largest collection of Bibles in the world (7.300). Stuttgart is one of the most important publishing centres in the world and has a constantly increasing trade. The
manufactures include textiles, chemicals, furni ture, carriages, paper, jewelry, bells, cigars, chocolate, pianos, pigments, leather, etc. There is a large trade in hops, cloth and horses. Near the Neckar, at Berg, there are mineral springs, and Carnstatt is a watering-place near the town, connected with it by tramway. Many monuments of German heroes and celeb rities stand in the various squares of the city and in the parks. The town is on the line of several railways. It stands on the site of an ancient monastery. In the 15th century it be came the residence of German princes and was greatly improved, being designated the official capital in 1482. Art and science were introduced in the 19th century. Stuttgart was the home of the philosopher Hegel and Hauff, the art critic. The city is governed by an overburgomaster, assisted by two advisers and a council. Pop. 286,218. Consult Klaiber,