She had in active service 1 lieutenant general, 9 major-generals, 33 brigadier-gen erals and 153 colonels, with lieutenant-colonels and majors in proportion. She had nine general officers killed in battle— to wit: Zollicoffer, Hatton, Smith, Tyler, Strahl, Carter, McCul loch, Adams and Rains.
The semi-military. organizations of bivouacs and chapters had their origin in Nashville. The celebrated Ku Klux-Klan (q.v.), which worked for peace and security, not only for her own people, but for the entire South, also orig inated in one of her towns—Pulaski — in the county of Giles.
To show to what extent Tennessee was the theatre of active hostilities from 1861 to 1865, the general government maintains seven cemeteries in the State, in which 42,000 Federal soldiers are buried.
In the War with Gerrnany in 1917-18 the State's gross quota was placed at 22,158; enlist ment credits totaled 7,592; total enlistments, 11,899; the net quota, 14,528. The total number of registrants under the Selective Service Law was 188,946, of whom 54,827 were called for ex amination. Of these 15,909 were accepted, mak ing the ratio to those called for examination 29.02 per cent. There were 34,069 colored reg istrants, of whom 7,940 were called for exami nation and 2,866 were accepted. The aliens from Entente countries, who registered, num bered 794; 73 were from neutral states; 44 were alien enemies.
State Formation.--The State of Tennes see was formed out of the western half of North Carolina. The first white men of whom we have any account to set foot on Tennessee soil were De Soto and his band of adventurers, in 1541. In 1662 La Salle built a fort which he called Prudhomme, where Memphis now stands. Fort Loudon on the Little Tennessee River, 30 miles below Knoxville, was built and occupied by the British in 1756. In 1760 it was sur rendered to the Indians on condition that the troops and their families should be allowed to return to the Eastern settlements, but most of them were treacherously massacred the morning after leaving the fort. In 1769 Capt. Wm. Bean and his family built a cabin at the mouth of Boon's Creek. His son Russell vras probably the first white child to be born in Tennessee. Within a few months a number of families from eastern North Carolina and Vir ginia located in the same vicinity. It was called The Watauga Settlement. In 1771 Parker and Carter set tip a store to trade with the Indians where Rogersville now is. This was called The Carter Settlement. The next year Jacob Brovrn established a store on the Nollichucky River. In a short time many settlers built cabins around these stores. Another settlement was made on the Holston River, which soon be came an important centre. These pioneers being far from the mother State, without gov ernment and without protection, in 1772 or ganized themselves into the Watauga Associa tion, the purpose of which was to protect them selves and to dispense justice among the col onists. The leaders were John Sevier and James Robertson. The Watauga Association
was the foundation of the Commonwealth of Tennessee. Roosevelt says that these were the first white men of America to establish a free and independent community on the continent. In the Spring of 1776 Nancy Ward—a friendly Indian woman — informed the whites that 700 Indian warriors who had been supplied by the British with arms and ammunition for the pur pose, under Dragging Canoe and Old Abraham, were preparing to attack Heaton's and the Watauga forts and destroy the settlers. The Indians were defeated in two battles. The set tlers, when the Revolutionary War began, named their country Washington District and voted themselves indebted to the United Col onies for their share of the general expenses of the wars In August 1776 113 of the pioneers signed a petition to be annexed to North Caro lina. All but two of these signed with their own hands. Two made their °marks.?' In No vember following four delegates from Wash ington District were sent to the Provincial Congress of North Carolina. In 1777 Wash ington District became Washington County and embraced all of what is now Tennessee. The battle of King's Mountain 3 Oct. 1780, which has been termed the turning point in the Revolutionary War, was chiefly won by the Tennessee patriots under John Sevier and Isaac Shelby. In 1784 North Carolina ceded to the United States that part of her territory which is embraced by the present State of Tennessee and gave Congress one year in which to accept or reject the grant. No arrangements satisfactory to the frontiersmen were made for a government, which caused great dissatisfac tion among the people who decided to set up a government of their own. At this time there were three counties, Washington, Sullivan and Greene. Each county selected delegates who met at Jonesborough, the oldest town in the Territory August 1784 and elected John Sevier president, and Landon Carter secretary. The convention resolved to form a new State and provided for another convention to form a constitution and start the new government. Instead of a new constitution the convention adopted that of North Carolina. The new State was given the name Franklin. Sevier was elected governor and all other officers, civil and military, were elected. The governor of North Carolina issued his proclamation ordering the people to disband and return to their allegiance to the mother State. The peo ple were divided, some favoring Franklin and others North Carolina. This division in pub lic sentiment engendered much bad feeling and strife. Sevier tried to persuade North Caro lina to agree to the independence of Franklin and to have Congress recognize it, but failed in both. In 1788 Sevier was arrested and Frank lin collapsed. A general pardon was granted to the disaffected people. Sevier was elected to the senate of North Carolina and was re stored to his former office of brigadier-gen eral of Washington District.