13. THE ARMISTICES. Bulgaria,— Bul garia was the first of the Central Powers to con fess her complete war exhaustion. Her sur render to the Entente was the first of the clos ing scenes of the end of the World War. Gen. Franchet d'Esperey in command of French, British, Italian, Greek, Serbian and Slavic forces carried out a brilliant offensive in the fall of 1918, opening the road to Sofia. The Bulgarians sued for a separate armistice and cne containing terms of uncomfitional sur render was granted on 30 Sept. 1918, when fighting ceased.
The armistice terms, all of which were of a purely military nature, were substantially as follows: Bulgaria to evacuate all Allied territory, de mobilize her army as rapidly as possible; all rolling stock and other means of transport to be tumed over to the Allies.
The Allies to be allowed to pass through Bulgaria if necessary to future military opera tions.
Control of the Danube and Bulgarian mer chant marine 9n that waterway to be given to the Allies.
All important strategic points to be occu pied by the Allies if they wished.
In case part of Bulgaria is occupied this to be done by French, English and Italian troops. Parts of Greece and Serbia evacuated by the Bulgars to be occupied by Greek and Serbian forces respectively.
The armistice to continue in operation until the conclusion of a general peace. See THE PEACE TREATIES in tlus series.
Turkey.— Turkey was the next power of the Central Alliance to surrender to the Allied.
Her army was routed in Palestine by Allenby. Aleppo, the main base of supplies, fell late in October and utter rotate and disaster faced Turkish arms. On 14 Oct 1918 the Spanish Ambassador at Washington, D. C., presented tio Secretary of State Robert Lansing a note from the Turkish charge d'affaires at Madrid, asking the President of the United States to initiate intmediately negotiations for an artnistice. In the note the Turlcish government declared that it °accepts as a basis for the negotiations the program laid down by the President of the United States in his message to Congress of 8 Jan. 1918, and in his subsequent declarations, especially the speech of 27 September. In order to put an end to the shedding of blood, the Im penal Ottoman Government requests that steps be taken for the immediate conclusion of a gen eral armistice on land, on sea, and in the air.) The Turks sent General Townshend, the British general captured at Kut-el-Amara early in the war, to Vice-Admiral Cathorp, Allied com mander of the ;Egean fleet, to ask for terms. Accredited agents were sent by both sides to the island of Lemnos and after a discussion, lasting three days, the terms of an armistice were handed to the Turks. The latter accepted these terms on 30 Oct. 1918 and the armistice went into effect the next day. The terms were as folloINs: