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Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 28

0 P Austin
0. P. Austin, Statistician, National City Bank Of New Y Ork. War, European—congressional Medal Of Honor Awards.— The Congressional Medal Of Honor Was The Most Highly Prized As It Was The Most Difficult To Obtain Of All Military Decorations. See Medal Of Honor, Warm States Military. There Were Only 78 ...

11 Naval Operations
11. Naval Operations. Resources And Problems.— In The Beginning Of The World War Great Britain Was The Greatest Sea Power And Germany The Second. As To What Rank Should Be Assigned To The Navies Of France, Italy, Russia And Austria-hungary Opinions Differ. Taicing The Battleship As A Means Of Comparison ...

12 Aerial Operations
12. Aerial Operations. The His Tory Of What Was Accomplished By American Aviators In The Last Months Of The World War Contributes A Glorious Chapter To The Annals Of The Army. It Must, However, Be Admitted That The Credit Belongs To The Aviators And The Race Which Produced Such Splendid ...

13 The Armistices
13. The Armistices. Bulgaria,— Bul Garia Was The First Of The Central Powers To Con Fess Her Complete War Exhaustion. Her Sur Render To The Entente Was The First Of The Clos Ing Scenes Of The End Of The World War. Gen. Franchet D'esperey In Command Of French, British, Italian, ...

14 Events Subsequent To
14. Events Subsequent To The Signing Of The Armistices. The Crerman Armistice Extertded.— When The Armistice Was Signed On 11 Nov. 1918 Several Things That Grew Out Of The War Between The Teutonic Allies And The Entente Allies Were Unsettled And Had To Run Their Course. Most Of Them Were ...

15 Diplomatic Negotiations By
15. Diplomatic Negotiations By Tlie Various Nations During The War. United States.— On 4 Aug. 1914, Seven Days After Austria-hungary Had Declared War On Serbia, Presideat Wilson Issued A Formal Proclamation Of American Neutrality. In This Document He Summed Up The Laws And Principles Of International Law Which Persons Residing ...

15 Grand Scale Preparations
Grand Scale Preparations, 15 Nov. 1914 To 1 July 1916. 1. A Year And A Half Of Preparation.— Looicing Back To The History Of The World War As A Whole It Is Seen That Germany Assumed The Offensive In The Beginning Of The Strug Gle And Kept It Until The ...

17 The Peace Conference
17. The Peace Conference Of 1919. Composition And Organization.— That A Conference Of Delegates Of The Nations At War With Germany And Her Allies Should Meet To Formulate The Terms Of Peace Was A Foregone Conclusion; And No Higher Politkal Body Was Needed To Call It Into Existence. But The ...

19 American Neutrality
19. American Neutrality. When The European War Broke Out In August 1914, It Immediately Drew Into The Circle Of Its Opera Tions And Influences All The Civilized Nations Of The World. Eventually Three Powers Were Allied With Germany And 27 States Declared War Upon Her. Italy Remained Neutral For A ...

20 Neutrals And The
20. Neutrals And The World War. The Nations Of The Modern World Are Bound Together So Closely By Political, Social, Economic And Intellectual Ties That Any Great War Is Inevitably Felt Everywhere. To A Lesser De Gree This Has Been The Case In The Past, And Much Or International Law ...

22 Post War Problems And
22. Post-war Problems And Re Construction In The Balicans. One Of The Greatest Problems Or Series Of Problems Which Claim The Attention Of The Statesmen Of Both The Old World And The New Is To Arrive At An Equitable Adjustment Of The Numerous And Often Conflicting Claims Of The Balkan ...