Cubas War for hutapeideese. Although the first attempt to wrest the island of Cuba from the hands of Spain was made as early as 1850. the first insurrection. or formal revolution, did not occur until the fall of 1868. From that time. however. revolutions were of frequent occurrence, but all were suppressed by the Spanish forces until 1898. when the United States formed an alliance with the revolutionists, thus enabling "Cuba to obtain the freedom that had so long been denied.
1870-1871. The actual cause of the Franco-Prussian Wor was the jealousy of Emperor Napoleon. who had been an irnpotent witness of the success of Bismarck's negotia tions. which had resulted in the greatly increased power of Prussia. More definite excuses were found, of course: the refusal of Prussia to permit the French to purchase Luxemburg from the king of Holland, and the effort of Bismarck to place Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigrnarin gen on the throne of Spain being two of them; but it is the consensus of opinion amonl; historians tnat the war was both premeditated and unjust, and that as the emperor had been misinformed both as to the numerical strength of his army and to its state of preparation, his surrender was practically a foregone conclusion from the beginning of tho emetic& The Anglo-Boer War. Although separated by Wen of several years the hand feeling which always saktU between Great Britain and the smell South African =co resulted in many serious disturbances which ted, in 1900. in the Anglo-Boer War, the complete victory of the English arms and the subjection of the South African farmers.
The Russo-Turkish War. The spirit of revolution which spread through nearly all the Turkish possessions during 1875 and 1876 and which resulted in the revolt of 'Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bulgaria, and the declarations of war by Servia and Montenegro. was the immediate cause of dm Russo-Turkish war, which ended wieh Rusrian victorY. 3 March an.
C.hirsose...1aparsete War. A. revoll in Corea and a call upon China for assistance was the direct cause of the conflict between China and japan. When the latter power, uninvited. sent troops with a proposal of joint action against the revolutionists, Chka protested vigormudy, and, titer much dispute, the war began. It resulted in Japanese
victory and the cession of much territory on the part of China, conaiderable of which Japan was compelled to relinquish because of the protests of Russia, France and Germany.
1898-1899. The S Vanisk.Ausericaos War was the natural outcome of the interference of the United States in the war between Spain and her revolutionary colony, Cuba. Having fought with great bravery and against ahnost overwhelming odds for years the state of insurrection had degenerated into such barbarous cruelty on the part of those who were striving to suppress it that the American people decided that it had passed the bounds of huziume millers. For this, and seveml other reasons, Congress determined to give assistance to Cuba, upon which war was promptly declared. It resulted in overwhelmkg defeat for the Spanish forces, independence for Cuba, and the accession of considerable colonial territory by the United States.
1904. Rsuso-.7epasese War. Russia's eagerness to extend her territory to such an extent as to secure porta that should be open at all seasons of the year — a desire which made her seise upon Manchuria with a firm hand and tempted her to cast covetous eyes upon Korea — wee the cause of such strenuous objection upon the part of Japan that the Russo-Japanese war resulted.
1914-18. T he European War. Germany's rampant imperialism and her insidious oommercial propaganda turned the Europe of the opening 20th century into an armed camp, driving republican France into the arms of Tsaristic Russia, and obliging Great Britain to relinquish her cherished policy of " splendid isolation.' Austria was urged on by Germany to repress the growing Slav sentiment in the Balkans although such a course involved the active participation of Russia and the other members of the Entente. The viola tion of Belgian neutrality by Germany made Great Britain a belligerent, and in the later developments all the leading countnes of the world became involved in the conflict, either because of their political or economic alliances, or, as in the case of the United States, bec.ause of the violation of the rights of their citizens.
Joall R. MEADER.