Government.— Every two years the people elect a mayor; president of council; one council man from each of the seven wards and three councilmen-at-large; solicitor, auditor, treasurer. The city clerk is appointed by the council. A director of public service and director of public safety are appointed by the mayor for a term of two years, and they with the mayor form the Board of Control which awards contracts tor public work. Under the department of pub he service are the city engineer and superintend ent of waterworks. Under the public safety de partment are the chief of police, fire chief, building inspector, electrical inspector and charities agent. The chiefs of police and fire are appointed by the mayor. A judge of the civil and criminal branches of Municipal Court are elected by the voters for two and four years. The Sinking Fund Trustees have charge of and provide for the payment of all bonds issued, for interest maturing thereon and the payment of all judgments final against the tor poration. The Sinking Fund is now $509, 745 54.
Population.— The population increased from 8,075 in 1870 to 44,88o in 1900, and 79,066 in 1910. ft is now estimated at 140,000. The people of foreign birth or descent comprise the larger part of this number. According to the 1910 census there were 6,000 Germans, 5,500 Hungarians, 3.600 Italians and 1,700 Russians.
The English, Irish, Welsh and Canadians totaled 5,600. Approximate estimates of foreign popu lation now in Youngstown show Italians, l2000; Slovaks. 12,000; Hungarians, &000; Croatians Serbians, 5,000; Polish, 4,500; Rumanians, 4.000; Greeks, 3,000; Russians, 1,500; Spanish, 500; Syrians, Armenians, Turks. 250 each. Be side five newspapers these people have many social, educational and benefit organizations and take an increasingly valuable part in the city's pros rc-'.
History.— The township was named for John Young. one of the first settlers, who bought a tract from the Connecticut Land Company in 17%. David Tod, afterward 'war governor,' operated the first coal mines and led in establishing the canal and first rail road Slim!) foreign elements attracted later by manna! industries hale comb ined with the descendants of early residents. laigclv from New England, and others, to form an enter prising, industrious, upright and patriotic corn tunny, which daring 1917-18 sent 7,000 men (Mahoning County) to war, purchased over $50,000,000 government bonds and gave more than $3,000,000 to war work.
_Imam L W HEMEL Librarian, Yosngslown Public Library.