BALDWIN, James Mark, American psy chologist and philosopher: b. Columbia, S. C., 12 Jan. 1861. He studied at the universities of Princeton, Leipzig, Berlin and Tiibingen; was instructor of German and French (1886-87); professor of philosophy in Lake Forest Univer sity (1::7-89) and in the University of Toronto (1889-93) ; professor of psychology (1893 1903) ; Johns Hopkins (1903-09) ; National University of Mexico (1915). He was Herbert Spencer lecturer at Oxford; Harvard lecturer (1915-16). He holds the honorary degrees of D.Sci. from Oxford and Geneva, and LL.D. from Glasgow and South Carolina universities. He was vice-president of the International Con gress of Psychology (London 1892); president of Criminal Anthropology at Geneva in 1896; president of the American Psychological Asso ciation (1897-98) ; judge of award at the World's Columbian Exposition (1893) ; was awarded a gold mark by the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences of Denmark for the best work on the general topic of social ethics; and was elected member of the Institu Inter national de Sociologie in 1898. He was also president of the International Congress of Psy chology at Geneva in 1909; member of the Japanese Academy at Tokio; of Italian and British sociological societies; of Belgian and Dutch pedagogical societies,, and of the Institute of France, succeeding William James in 1909.
With J. McK. Cattell he founded the Psycho logical Review in 1894 and was editor-in-chief of the 'Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychol ogy.' In addition to many contributions to various learned journals, Professor Baldwin is author of 'German Psychology of To-Day' (trans. 1886) - 'A Handbook of Psychology' (2 vols., 1889:91);