Bail
Bail, In Law, Is The Delivery Of A Person To Another For Keeping, And Is Generally Used In Reference To One Arrested, Or Committed To Prison, Upon A Criminal Process, Such Person Being Said To Be Bailed When He Is Delivered To Another (or Is Supposed To Be So, But ...
Bailey
Bailey, Liberty Hyde, American Horti Culturist: B. South Haven, Mich., 15 March 1858; Was Graduated At The Michigan Agricul Tural College In 1882; M.s., 1886; Was Assistant To Dr. Asa Gray At Harvard University In 1882-83; Professor Of Horticulture In Cornell University, 1888-1903; In 1903 Was Appointed Director Of The ...
Bailly
Bailly, Jean Sylvain, French Astrono Mer, Statesman And Historian: B. Paris, 15 Sept. 1736; D. 12 Nov. 1793. Leaving The Art Of Painting, To Which He Was Educated, He Pursued Poetry And Belles-lettres Until His Ac Quaintance With Lacaille, When He Turned His Attention To Astronomy And Calculated The Orbit ...
Bailment
Bailment, In Law, Is The Delivery Of A Chattel Or Thing To Another To Keep, Either For The Use Of The Bailer Or Person Or For That Of The Bailee Or Person To Whom It Is Delivered. A Bailment Always Supposes The Subject To Be Delivered Only For A Limited ...
Bainbridge
Bainbridge, William, American Naval Officer: B. Princeton, N. J., 7 May 1774; D. 28 July 1833. He Entered The Merchant Service At The Age Of 15 And Became Captain Within Four Years. In 1796, While Commander Of The Hope He Defeated An English Schooner, Whose Captain Had Tried To Impress ...
Baker
Baker, David (augustine), Benedictine Ascetical Writer: B. 1575; D. 1641. The Most Original And Ablest Spiritual Writer Among English Catholics During The First Half Of The 17th Century. Having Finished His Studies At Oxford He Devoted Himself To Law At Lincoln's And Later At Inner Teinple. In His 40th Year ...
Baku
Baku, Russia, Town In Georgia, On The West Coast Of The Caspian Sea. The Rocky Peninsula Upon Which It Is Built And The Islands In The Bay Are Composed Of Tertiary Strata, Abounding In Fossil .shells. Through These Strata Numerous Springs Of Naphtha And Petro Leum Issue, Together With Streams ...
Bakunin
Bakunin, Ba-koon'yen, Michel, Russian Anarchist: B. 1814; D. Berne, 13 Jan. 1876. He Served In The Imperial Guard 1832-38. In 1841-4.3 He Was In Germany, Engaged In Philo Sophical Study. In 1843, He Went To Paris, And Entered Into Relations With The Polish Exiles, And Shortly Afterward To Switzerland, Where ...
Balaam
Balaam, A Biblical Personage, The Son Of Beor, And A Prophet Of Pethor By The Eu Phrates. The Children Of Israel Had Reached, M Their Journey, The Plains Of Moab. Balak, The King, Terrified At Seeing So Great A Host In Vading His Territory, Sent, Therefore, To Balaam, A Well-lcnown ...
Balakirev
Balakirev, Mily Alexeivich, Russian Composer: B. Nizhni Novgorod, 13 Dec. 1837 (13 Jan. 1837) • D. 30 May 1910. He Began Studying Natural Science At Kazan, But, Having Learned The Rudiments Of Music From His Mother And Displaying Considerable Aptitude, He Was Taken In Hand By Ubilishev, Author Of A ...
Balance
Balance (latin, Bis, °twice,* And Low, A °dish," Or °pan"), An Instrument For Deter Mining The Mass Of A Body By Comparison With A Senes Of Other Bodies (called °weights)) Whose Masses Are Lcnown. The Term Is Often Applied, Though Somewhat Incorrectly, To The Familiar Instruments In Which The Weight ...
Balance Of Powee
Balance Of Powee, Is The System By Which Greater States Are Withheld From Ab Sorbing Smaller Ones. Vattel, In 'law Of Nations,) Thus Defines It: 4by This Balance Is To Be Understood Such A Disposition Of Things, As That No One Potentate Or State Shall Be Able Air. Solutely To ...
Balance Of Trade
Balance Of Trade. The Balance Of Trade Is A Theory Arising From The Apparent Relation Of Exports To Imports. The Protectionist School Of Political Economy Holds That Excess Of Exports Over Imports Constitutes What Is Termed A °favorable Balance,° Which Must Be Returned To Us In Gold And Silver, This ...
Balanoglossus
Balanoglos'sus, A Worm-like Marine Animal, The Chief Representative Of The Most Primitive Class Of Chordate Animals, Entero Pneusta Or Adelocephala. This Remarkable Creature, The Type Of Its Class, Combines Char Acters Peculiar To Itself, With Features Remind Ing Us Of The Nemerteans, Annelids, Tunicates And The Vertebrate Omphioxus, While Its ...
Balbo
Balbo, Bal'bo, Cesare, Count, Italian •statesman And Author: B. Turin, 21 Nov. 1789; D. 3 June 1853. Through The Favor Of The Emperor He Served In Various Capacities Under The Napoleonic Empire. After The Downfall Of Napoleon Became Secretary Of The Sardinian Ambassador In London Until The Outbreak Of The ...
Balboa
Balboa, Bal-b(ia, Vasco Mule; The Discoverer Of The Pacific Ocean: B. Jerez De Los Caballeros, Spain, 1475; D. 1517. At The Age Of 25 He Went To America To Seek His Fortune, Joining The Expedition Of Rodrigo De Bastidas (see Central America), And Returned To Espanola (haiti), After Exploring With ...
Balcony
Balcony, A Gallery Or Framework Of Wood, Iron Or Stone, Projecting From The Front Of A House, Generally On A Level With The Floors Of Rooms, And Supported On Cantilevers Or Brackets, And Sometimes On Columns Of Wood Or Stone. Balconies Are Often Surrounded By Iron Railings Or Stone Balustrades. ...
Baldness
Baldness. Under The Title Alopecia The General Types Of Baldness Have Been Con Sidered. Premature Alopecia, Or The General Affection Of The Young And Middle-aged, De Serves Greater Consideration. Alopecia Pre Sendis, Or Premature Baldness, Is Recognized As Of Two Distinct Varieties, The Idiopathic And The Symptomatic. In The Idiopathic ...
Baldwin
Baldwin, The Name Of Several Members Of The House Of Flanders, Who Reigned As Kings Of Jerusalem During The Period Of The Crusades. Bald Win I: B. 1058; D. Egypt 1118. He Became King Of Jerusalem In 1100. He Was A Brother Of Godfrey Of Bouillon, Took Part In The ...
Baldwin_2
Baldwin, James Mark, American Psy Chologist And Philosopher: B. Columbia, S. C., 12 Jan. 1861. He Studied At The Universities Of Princeton, Leipzig, Berlin And Tiibingen; Was Instructor Of German And French (1886-87); Professor Of Philosophy In Lake Forest Univer Sity (1::7-89) And In The University Of Toronto (1889-93) ; ...
Balfe
Balfe, Balf, Michael William, British Composer: B. Dublin, 15 May 1808; D. 20 Oct. 1870. He Received His First Instructions In Music From His Father And Charles Horn In His 7th Year He Perfortned One Of Viotti's Concertos Before The Public; At 16 He Performed The Part Of Caspar In ...
Balfour
Balfour, Arthur James, English States Man: B. Set:aland (son Of James Maitland Bal Four Of Whittinghame, Hadclingtonshire, And A Daughter Of The 2d Marquis Of Salisbury), 25 July 184& He Was Educated At Eton And Trinity College, Cambridge, Where He Took His M.a. Degree In 1873. He Entered The House ...
Balfour_2
Balfour, Sta James, Lord Prrren Dreich), Scottish Judge, And A Conspicuous Actor In The Civil Wars Which Ended In The Dethrone Ment Of Mary, Queen Of Scots: B. Fifeshire, Scotland, About The Beginning Of The 16th Cen Tury; D. 1583. He Espoused The Protestant Cause, And In 1547, For His ...
Balkan League
Balkan League, An Alliance Formed In The Summer Of 1912 Between Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece And Montenegro For The Purpose Of Tak Ingjoint Diplomatic And Military Action Against Turkey And Which Led To The Balkan Wars (q.v.) In 1912 And 1913. The Root Of The Trouble Lay In Macedonia (q.v.), Where ...
Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula, A Convenient Geographical Term Applied To The Easternmost Of The Three Great Peninsulas Of Southern Europe, Of Which The Others Are The Pyrenean Or Iberian Peninsula (spain And Portugal), And The Apen Nine Peninsula (italy). In All Three Cases The Names Are Derived From Mountain Ranges. But Whereas ...
Balkan Wars
Balkan Wars, A Series Of Conflicts Fought In The Balkan Peninsula (q.v.) During 1912 And 1913. They Fall Into Three Distinct Divisions: (1) The War Of The Balkan League (q.v.), Composed Of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece And Montenegro, Against Turkey, In Which The Allies Conquered Macedonia, Albania And The Greater Part ...
Ball
Ball, As An Article Of Ammunition, See Gunnery ; Ordnance' Projectiles ; Shot. In Connection With Sports And Games The Ball In Various Sizes Has Been In Universal Usage Since Ancient Times. The Greeks Re Garded Ball-games As Of Much Value In Adding Grace To The Figure And Giving Elasticity ...
Ballad
Ballad. In Music, This Term Has Been Used At Different Periods To Designate Various Musical Forms. At First Ballads Were Princi Pally Literary Compositions Recited By Minstrels With Improvised Accompaniment On Some In Strument, Usually The Harp. This Is Especially The Case With The Old Ballads Of Scotland, Eng Land, ...
Ballad
Ballad, A Short Narrative Poem In Stan Zas, Originally. Intended For Singing. The Name, Which Is Derived From The Latin Ballare, To Dance, Is Frequently Used Very Loosely And Ap Plied To A Vanety Of Songs And Verse-tales With No Real Bond Of Association. But In The Stricter Sense It ...
Ballesteros
Ballesteros, Bal-yes-ta'n5s, Don Francisco, Spanish General: B. Saragossa 1770; D. Paris, 22 June 1832. He First Served In Catalonia Against The French During The Campaigns.of 1792 And 1795, And Was Appointed To A Captaincy. Discharged In 1804 On Account Of Embezzlement, He Was Nevertheless Entrusted By The All-powerful Godoy, °prince ...
Ballet
Ballet, Balla, Or Ballet (from Bal; From The French Bailer, And The Italian Ballare, To Dance), A Kind Of Dance Now Usually Constitut Ing An Interlude In A Theatrical Performance. In Its Widest Sense A Ballet Is The Representa Tion Of A Series Of Passionate Actions And Feel Ings By ...
Ballin
Ballin, Albert, Director-general Of The Hamburg-amerika Line: B. Hamburg 1857, Of Jewish Parents, After Receiving A Good Com Mercial Education He Went To England And Resided There Several Years, Studying The British Mercantile Marine And Acquiring A Thorough Knowledge Of The Language. Since 1886 He Has Been The Head Of ...
Ballistic Galvanometer
Ballistic Galvanometer, A Galvanometer (q.v.) Designed Or Used For The Measurement Of Electric Currents Of Very Short Duration. It Does Not Necessarily Differ In Any Essential Particular From Other Galvanometers, Except That The Natural Period Of Oscillation Of Its Needle Must Be Long In Comparison With The Duration Of The ...
Ballistics
Ballistics. The Name °ballistics'° Ap Plies To That Division Of Mechanics Which Treats Of The Motion Of Projectiles. This Subject Has Engaged The Attention Of Mathematicians And Scientists For Centuries, And Approximate Determinations Of Physical Rela Tions Have Been Assumed As Fundamental Laws, And Elaborate Tables Calculated On Various Hypotheses. ...
Ballot
Ballot ( °little Ball))) : Essentially, A Se Cret As Distinguished From An Open Vote, To Se Cure The Voter From Previous Intimidation Or Subsequent Revenge. Recent Methods Of Ballot Reform, Therefore, Are Only Devices To Obtain The Result Inherent In Its Very Nature, A Non Secret Ballot Being A ...
Balmaceda
Balmaceda, Jose Manuel, Chilean Statesman: B. Santiago 1838; D. 18 Sept. 1891 By Suicide. He Was Educated At The Semi Nario Conciliar In Santiago; Early Became Noted As An Orator, Urging Radical Reforms In The Con Stitution Of 1833; And Was A Founder Of The Re Form Club In 1868.- ...
Balmont
Balmont, 'constant:it' Dmitriyevitch, Russian Poet: B. On His Father's Estate, Near The Village Of Gumnishtche, In The Government Of Vladimir, 15 June 1867. His Education Was Much Interrupted: He Was Expelled From The Seventh Class Of The Gymnasitnn, Being Suspected Of Secret Political Activity. He Later Attended The University Of ...
Balsams
Balsams, Mixtures Of Resins In Volatile Oils, The Term, However, Being Popularly Ap Plied To Any Aromatic Compound With Volatile Oils. Balsams Are Very Widely Distributed Throughout The Plant Kingdom. They Are Par Ticularly Abundant In The Members Of The Pine Family. The Araucarias Yield A Copal That. Is Almost ...
Baltic Provinces
Baltic Provinces (in Russia), A Term Generally Given To The Five Russian Govern Ments Bordering On The Baltic, Namely, Cour Land, Livonia, Esthonia, Petrograd And Fin Land; In A Restricted Sense It Often Designates The First Three. The Baltic Provinces Once Be Longed To Sweden, Except Courland, Which Was A ...
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea, An Enclosure Of The North Sea With Which It Is Connected By The Skager Rack And Kattegat. It Washes The Coasts Of Denmark, Germany, Courland, Livonia And Other Parts Of Russia And Of Sweden, And Ex Tends To Lat. 65° 30' N. It Is Nearly 930 Miles Long, ...
Baltimore
Baltimore, Md., Attack On (war Of 1812). When The British Had Burned Wash Ington They Reembarked On Their Ships And Sailed For The Mouth Of The Patapsco To At Tack Baltimore. The Approach To The City By Water Was Defended By Fort Mchenry With A Garrison Of 1,000 Troops Under ...
Baltimore
Baltimore, Md., The Chief City Of The State, The 7th In Population Of The United States, And The Commercial Head Of The Atlantic Seaboard South Of New York; On The Pennsyl Vania (p., B. & W.), Baltimore And Ohio, West Ern Maryland, Northern Central And Other Rail Roads; 38 Miles ...
Baltimore And Ohio Rail
Baltimore And Ohio Rail Road, The. History.— The Fact That The Only Use Of Rails For Locomotion In 1827 On Either Side Of The Atlantic Was For Coal Carry Ing, Renders The More Remarkable The Action Of The Coterie Of Merchants And Bankers Of Balti More, Gathering At Philip Thomas' ...
Baluchistan
Baluchistan, Ba-loo'che-stan', A Country In The South Of Asia, Lying Between Persia And The Valley Of The Indus, Having The Former On The West, Afghanistan And The North West Frontier Province On The North, Sindh, The Punjab And Part Of The Frontier Province On The East And The Arabian Sea ...
Balzac
Balzac, Barzak' Honore De, French Novelist: B. Tours, 16 May 1799; D. Paris, 17 Aug. 1850. His Family Was Of No Account, And The Aristocratic "de' (adopted Perhaps In Good Faith) Dates From 1830 Or Thereabouts. The Surname Itself Seems To Have Been Properly Spelled Balsa, Or Balsas, The First ...
Bamboo
Bamboo, The Common Name Of More Than 200 Species Of About 20 Genera Of Peren Nial, Mostly Tree-like, Tropical And Sub-tropical Grasses Unevenly Distributed Throughout The World, But More Abundant In Southern Asia, Where 160 Or More Species Are Found From Sea !eve! To Altitudes Of 10,000 Feet Or Slightly ...
Bambouk
Bambouk, Bism-book', Or Bambuk, West Africa Region In The French Colony Of Senegal, Between The Falerne And Senegal Rivers, Between Lat. 12° 30' And 14° 30' N.; Long. 10° 30' To 12° 15' W., And Estimated To Be About 140 Miles In Length By 80 To 100 In Breadth. Besides ...
Bampton Lectures
Bampton Lectures, A Course Of Lec Tures Established By John Bampton, Canon Of Salisbury, Who Bequeathed Certain Property To The University Of Oxford For The Endowment Of Eight Annual Divinity Lectures To Be Annually Delivered. The Subjects Prescribed Are The Con Firmation Of The Christian Faith And The Confuta Tion ...
Banana
Banana. A Well-known, Edible Fruit Produced By Herbaceous Plants Of The Same Name, Belonging To The Genus Musa And Sub Genus Enmusa. More Than 60 Species Have Been Described, But Four Species Are Of Special Importance. Musa Sapientum, Which Includes The Majority Of The Bananas Grown In The West Ern ...
Bancroft
Bancroft, Hubert Howe, American Historian; B. Granville, Ohio, 5 May 1832; D. Walnut Creek, Cal., 2 March 1918, He Worked On His Father's Farm And Attended The Academy Until 16, When He Entered As Clerk A Bookstore In Buffalo Whose Proprietor Three Years Later Sent Him With A Stock Of ...
Bancroft
Bancroft, George, American Historian: B. Worcester, Mass., 3 Oct. 1800; D. Washing Ton, D. C., 17 Jan. 1891. He Was The Son Of Rev. Aaron Bancroft (q.v.), A Unitarian Clergyman, And Lucretia Chandler Bancroft. He Fitted For College At Phillips Academy, Exe Ter, N. H., Entered Harvard College At The ...
Bancroft_2
Bancroft, Richard, English Divine: B. Farnworth, Lancashire, 1544; D. 12 Nov. 1610. He Was Graduated At Cambridge University, Where He Received The Degree Of M.a. In 1570. He Was Ordained Soon Afterward And Was Ap Pointed Chaplain To The Bishop Of Ely, And In 1575 Became Rector Of Teversham, Cambridge: ...
Band
Band, In Architecture, Any Flat Fascia Or Ornament Which Is Continued Horizontally Along A Wall, Or By Which A Building Is Encircled. Bands Often Consist Of Foliage, Quatrefoils Or Of Simple Bricks. Band Of A Shaft Is The Mold Ing Or Suits Of Moldings By Which The Pillars And Shafts ...
Band Saw Blades
Band Saw Blades. Owing To The Increased Value Of Timber In America More And More Attention Has Been Paid To The Eco Nomical Conversion Thereof Into The Sawn Prod Uct Ready For Market. The Methods In Use A Few Years Ago Were Found To Be Wasteful And Usually Crude, And ...
Band_2
Band, Military, An Organized Body Of Musicians In The Army Service. In All Countries Bands Are Organized And Maintained In Each Infantry Regiment, Or Battalion If The Latter Is The Unit. The Strength Of These Bands And The Number And Nature Of Their Instruments Vary Considerably, As Also Do The ...
Bandage
Bandage, A Surgical Wrapper Applied To Some Part Of The Body. Bandages Are Employed For A Variety Of Purposes. One Of Their Chief Uses Is To Secure Dressings Or Splints. Another Is To Give Support To A Limb Or To Restrain Its Movements, Or To Exert Pressure Upon It So ...
Banffshire
Banffshire, Scotland, A County In The North, Bounded On The North By The Moray Firth, On The West By The County Of Elgin And Part Of Inverness, On The South And East By The County Of Aberdeen. The Soil Is For The Most Part A Rich Loam Or Deep Clay. ...
Bangor
Bangor, Me., The Chief City Of Eastern Maine, Is A Port Of Entry And The Seat Of Penob Scot County. The City Is On The West Bank Of The Penobscot River, Across Its Affluent The Ken Duskeag, And At The Head Of Navigation, About 28 Miles From Penobscot Bay. It ...
Bangor Theological Seminary
Bangor Theological Seminary (congregational). Originated With The Society For Theological Education, Which Was Estab Lished In Portland In 1811 And Chartered In 1812. The Seminary Was Chartered By The Legis Lature Of Massachusetts, Of Which Maine Was Then A Province, 25 Feb. 1814; Opened At Hampden In 1816; Removed To ...
Bank
Bank, Banks, Bankers. The Term Bank And Its Derivatives Does Not Occur In Classi Cal Latin. It First Appears In Low Latin About The Beginning Of The 13th Century; When It Seems To Have Been Brought Into Italy By The Norsemen And Where It Displaced The Roman Mensa, As Applied ...
Bank Holidays
Bank Holidays, Days During Which Banks Are Legally Closed. In The United States They Are: 1 January, Or New Year's Day, A Legal Or Bank Holiday In All The States Except Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, And North And South Carolina. Fourth Of July, Independence ...
Bank Note Issues
Bank Note Issues. See Banks And Banking - Bank Note Issue's (article 19). A Small Swallow, Familiar Not Only In All Parts Of America, But In Most Other Countries, For Its Habit Of Breed Ing In Colonies In Holes In Sand-banks. It Is Sooty Black Above, And White On The ...
Bankrupt
Bankrupt, A Term Derived Generally From Italian, Banca, A Bench, And Latin, Rut In:, Broken, In Allusion To The Benches Formerly Used By The Money-lenders In Italy, Which Were Broken In Case Of Their Failure. The Word In Its Most General Sense Signifies An Insolvent Person, But More Strictly An ...
Bankruptcy Laws
Bankruptcy Laws. When A Person Is Unable To Pay His Debts In Full, The Law Of Civilized Countries Adopts Some Means Of Satis Fying The Creditors, As Far As They Can Be Satis Fied, Out Of The Debtor's Estate, And Relieving The Debtor Himself From Pressure Which, By His Own ...
Banks
Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss, American Soldier And Statesman: B. Waltham; Mass., 30 Jan. 1816; D. There 1 Sept. 1894. Entirely Self Taught, He Worked Himself Up From The Position Of Bobbin-boy In A Cotton Factory To The Editor Ship Of A Weekly Newspaper. He Read Law, Was Admitted To The Bar, ...
Banns
Banns, The Announcement Of Intended Marriage, Requiring The Hearers To Make Known Any Cause Why The Parties Should Not Be United In Matrimony. By The Publication Of These Banns Is Meant The Legal Proclamation Or Notifi Cation Within The Parish, District Or Chapelry, Of The Names And Descriptions Of The ...
Banquets
Banquets. It Was The Famous Mr. Boswell Who First Defined Man As A Cooking Ani Mal, And Yet, Appropriate As The Definition Still Is, Neither Mythology Nor Tradition Offer Any Clue To Aid The Student In Discovering When It Was That The Human Animal First Learned To Cook. Of Course, ...