Educational Institutions, Art Galleries, Libraries, etc.—The Maryland Institute of Art and Design, which was for many years in the heart of the commercial centre of the city, was incorporated in 1826. The library contains 20,000 volumes relating to the arts and sciences. The new home of this school is located on Mount Royal avenue. It has been most liber ally endowed by the Jenkins family of Balti more and Andrew Carnegie. The Academy of Sciences, located in the fine old mansion of ex Governor and ex-Senator Thomas Swann, on West Franklin street, contains a large collec tion of the bird life of this country, and a large collection of Indian remains. The Peabody Institute, a white marble building standing within the shadow of the Washington mon ument, is a donation from the philanthropist, George Peabody (q.v.). It contains a large reference library, an academy of music and a gallery of art. The entire building is 170 by 150 feet. The library room accommodates about 300,000 volumes. The Walters Art Gal lery, located within 100 yards of the last named institution,. contains the finest private collec tion of paintings and ceramics in the United States, •and also a special collection of ancient arms and armor and lacquer work of the Jap anese. In the same block, southeast of the original gallery and on the corner of Centre street and Washington Place, there has been erected an art gallery for the Walters Collec tion of Old Masters, purchased by Mr. Henry Walters, at a cost of $1,000,000. The Enoch Pratt Free Libraries, of which the city has 17, Were the free gift of Enoch Pratt (q.v.). The central library is located on West Mulberry street near the centre of the city. It has, 16 branch libraries. Other libraries are the Maryland Historical, the Peabody refer ence library, those of the Maryland Institute, the Maryland Episcopal Diocese, the Bar Asso ciation, the Archbishop's, Odd Fellows, New, Mercantile, Baltimore and Ohio Employees' Free Circulating and others.
The history of Baltimore's development in other than material and industrial affairs has been most remarkable in the educational field. Baltimore is to-day one of the greatest educa tional centres of the country. The Johns Hop kins University (q.v.) has attained the front rank among the higher institutions of learning. Goucher College has made Baltimore the centre for collegiate instruction of women.
The old Johns Hopkins University made no pretensions in the way of architecture. The new home of this great school leaves nothing to be desired. Placed at an elevation of some 300 feet and occupying the estate of one of the Carroll family, known as (Homewood Parke it overlooks the city and harbor. On North Broadway, facing the west, stands the group of buildings of the Johns Hoplcins Hospital. The architectural appearance of the central group of buildings is majestic, standing 114 feet above tide. The cost of the original buildings was $2,250,000, which has been very largely added to since the founding. Other medical schools are those of the University of Maryland (1807), and the Baltimore Medical College. The oldest dental college in the world is the Baltimore College of Dentistry and Surgery, chartered 1839. The chief law school is that of the
University of Maryland.
The Woman's College (Methodist Episcopal, 1888) now known as Goucher College, is an other institution of which the ciuzens are proud. The buildings are throughout in the Romanesque style, of the Lombard variety, with adaptations from that order to which Vitruvius gave the name Tuscan. They are built of dark undressed granite and are sur mounted by roofs of Roman-red tiles. The church is the most southern member of the group of buildings, its massive tower the most conspicuous object .in the northern part of the city. This tower is almost an eicact counter part of a campanile to be seen just outside of the city of Ravenna, Italy. There are also many other colleges and preparatory schools of good rank, making the city a leading educa tional centre. Among these are Morgan Col lege (Methodist Episcopal, 1876); Elaltimore City College; Bryn Mawr School (1885) ; Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, and four Roman Catholic institutions—Saint Mary's (Seminary of Saint Sulpice, 1791); Loyola (1852), under Jesuit management; Notre Dame of Maryland (1873) ; Saint Joseph's (1888). The public school system has 108 schools, 2,064 teachers, and 84,000 pupils, and about $2,000,000 is annually expended in its support. The first manual-training schools for white or colored pupils were established here. There is also a State Normal School and an institution for training colored teachers.
Baltimore cannot be called a club city; however, the time-honored Maryland Club is a great social organization occupying a superb new building on Charles and Eager streets. There are also the younger Baltimore Club, on Charles street, opposite, composed largely of the sons of members of the Mary land Club; the University Club; the Catholic Club; the Charcoal Club; Baltimore Athletic Club; Automobile Club; Germania Club, for German merchants; the Merchants' Club; and the Phcenix Club and Clover Club, both Jewish organizations.
Charitable The city has a body of gentlemen, known as supervisors of city charities, who serve without pay, and who look into every form of charity and direct to a large extent its distribution. There is also a State board of charities, non-paid. Among the institutions to aid suffering humanity are Johns Hopkins Hospital (already mentioned) ; Mary land Hospital for the Insane; Female House of Refuge; Springfield State Hospital; House of Refuge (male) ; Aged Men's Home; All Saints Horne for Children; Augusburg Home; Balti more Association for the Improvement of the Condition of the Children of the Poor; Balti more Orphan Asylum (more than 100 years old); Boys' Hottie Society; Briska Help Asso ciation; Charity Organization Society; Chris tian Tribune Horne for Young Ladies; Dolan Children's Aid Society; Egenton Female Orphan Asylum and School; Female Christian Home; and Free Summer Excursion Society. The various charitable institutions are too numer ous to mention all by name, but among them are the blind asylum, a fine white marble build ing; and the city almshouse, accommodating 1,300 inmates.