BERG, berg, Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert, (generally known as FEODOR FEODOROVITCH BERG) , Russian general and administrator: b. Sagnitz, Livonia, 27 May 1794; d. Saint Peters burg, 18 Jan. 1874. He received his education at the University of Dorpat and entered a regiment of infantry at Libau. He took part in the cam paigns of 1812, 1813 and 1814 in Russia, Ger many and France. After his return to Russia he entered the diplomatic service and was suc cessively attache at the embassies of Munich, Rome and Naples. In 1822 he re-entered active service, directed some expeditions against the Kirghizes and explored the shores of the Sea of Aral. On the accession of Nicholas, Berg was appointed imperial chamberlain and was attache at Constantinople. During the Turkish campaign he was quartermaster of the Second Army, directed the operations before Silistria and crossed the Balkans. He arranged the map of a portion of Rumania and the Balkans. In 1831 he served in Poland under Rudigier and distinguished himself at Ostrolenka and at the capture of Warsaw. He was appointed
lieutenant-general and was afterward in charge of geodetic surveys and of various diplomatic and military missions. In 1849, at Vienna, he prepared the plan *of campaign against Hun gary. In 1853 he was in charge of the troops destined for the defense of Esthonia and he put the fortress of Reval in a state of defense sufficient to withstand and repulse the attack by the English troops. In 1854 he was made governor-general of Finland and repulsed Ad miral Dundas before Sveaborg. Alexander II bestowed on him the title of count and, in 1863, placed him at the head of the kingdom of Poland. He brought this country under submission and retained this post until his death. He was the first to insist on the policy of Russification at all costs. The severity with which he treated the Polish population during the insurrection aroused widespread indig nation.