BERKELEY, Cal., city in Alameda County, on San Francisco Bay, nine miles northeast from and directly opposite to San Francisco and the Golden Gate. A channel with a con stant depth of 42 feet leads straight from the Berkeley waterfront clear out through the °Gate,o into the Pacific Ocean, affording facili ties unsurpassed anywhere in the neighborhood for a projected great docking warehouse and railway district and for an important auxiliary naval base or station. Berkeley is a motoring centre. You may use your automobile every day. Starting from Berkeley you will find well kept boulevards that reach to all parts of the county and to interior points in California. The Lincoln Highway, the Miclland Trail and the Pike's Peak Ocean-to-Ocean Road all pass through Berkeley. Owners of machines declare this city to be an ideal rendezvous for tourists. As a summer home Berkeley cannot be excelled. The average temperature in summer is about 59° F. In winter the average is about 48° F., giving a range of something lilce 11° for the year. This equable climate is beneficial to health. It is particularly good for children who live out-of-doors the year round. Berkeley is just south of lat. 38 N., 375 miles south of the latitude of Marseilles, 400 miles south of the latitude of Nice, Cannes, Mentone and the famous Riviera, all boasting so many attrac tions of climate; on the latitudinal line of south ern Sicily, southern Greece and Smyrna. To this geographical position and the favorable topographical formation of the surrounding country must be attributed the enjoyable cli matic conditions that prevail in Berkeley. The average rainfall is about 25 inches. During the summer and autumn months gentle fogs or mists prevail that are charged with health-giving ozone. Electric lines connect with Oakland the county-seat adjoining Berke ley, and with San Francisco, which is also con nected by ferry service. Two transcontinental railroads, the Southern Pacific and the Santa Fe systems, pass through Berkeley. The city's fame rests primarily on its established char acter as a home place, the favonte residence of many San Franciscans, to which its attractive location and scenic surroundings have contrib uted. That character it still maintains, with added qualities which enhance its attractiveness and the prominence which it has attained lat terly because of the advantages that it offers to manufacturers. Climatic conditions conduce to efficiency. Even when paid higher wages for fewer hours, workers here return a greater profit to the factory per unit than operatives in any other location, because operatives are able to keep. employed every working day of the year, with no interruptions on account of ex cessive heat or cold. Besides this, Berkeley enjoys a.low ratc for electric power —as low as any city in the country, not even excepting Niagara Falls; fuel oil for motive machinery is also procured at small cost, because of near ness to the terminals of the pipe lines; level land and reasonable prices provide for factory sites; water competition insures moderate freight rates by rail; while railroad facilities and the liberal policy of the municipal authori ties govern spur tracks and like accommoda tions. Above all, the civic and social condi tions prevailing in the city,— Berkeley has neither a saloon nor a disorderly house within its boundaries,—are big physical points in its favor with companies and corporations which, along modern lines, devote thought and care to clean surroundings for their employees and those dependent on them. Twenty new fac tories were established in Berkeley since the year 1915 and options on many other sites were•obtained by several companies. The lead ing manufactures of Berkeley include aeroplane and other motors, hydraulic machinery, health foods, soaps, refilled petroleum, cocoanut oil, carbonic gas, elevators, pumps, etc. The survey of manufactures for 1917 recorded 107 in dustrial establishtnents of factory grade, em ploying 2,350 persons, of whom 1,828 were wage earners, receiving annually $3,054, 000 in wages. The capital invested aggregated $9,814,000 and the value of the year's output was $7,321,000: of this, $2,532,000 was the value added by manufacture. It also carries on lu crative fishing industries. As a dependable barometer of business the upward tendency of the city's postal receipts indicates continuous and growing prospenty. From $112,444 in 1910 they had increased to $190,338 in 1917. Property returns for taxation also increased from $35,736,140 in 1910 to $45,000,000 in 1917. Not a single dollar on current account was due to any city creditor and the bonded indebted ness amounted to only $1,266,075. As Berkeley has authority under the law to incur bonded indebtedness aggregating more than $5,000,000, the city's paper is regarded as gilt-edged by the financial experts of the country. A new and ample sewer system has been installed at a cost of $700,000. An efficient fire department is maintained, with nine stations serving the city's area of nine square miles. The departznent is completely motorized, operating 16 cars.
Double platoon system for the department has brought more expense, but also has Insured better service, as the men are on full .pay, with no call men. Berkeley was the first city in the West to introduce the golden rule of the po lice department, impressing on patrolmen th.e duty to befriend unfortunates wherever possi ble. The consequence is that there is less dis position to lawlessness than in cities where the stern hand of authority is never relaxed even in trivial affairs. There were only four ar rests for drunkenness in Berkeley during 1915; eleven in 1916, and seven in 1917. The total arrests in the city in 1915 were 291; in 1916, 307; in 1917, 333. The death rate in 1915 was 7.75 per thousand, which was above the figure of several previous years, on account of the number of elderly people. who retire here to cnjoy their declining years. The city is the home of a great many men and women above the age of 80 years. Death rate in 1916 was 7.34; in 1917, 7.52. Race suicide does not exist in Berkeley. The average. birth rate per thousand is 11.36 and childhood in Berkeley is blessed with favorable con ditions, the little ones living in the .open air ahnost constantly. The result is a vigorous lot of youngsters. This is shown by the way in which school children win cham pionships in the various sports which bnng thern in competition with students from. other parts of the State. In 1915 Berkeley built and equipped five new school buildings at a cost of over half a million dollars. These are lo cated in different parts of the city. for the greater acconunodation and convenience of parents and pupils. The equipment of these schools is modern in every particular. Berke ley is the acicnowledged educational capital of the Pacific coast. The city is not surpassed in this by any other community west of the RocIcy Mountains. This is true in respect to all departments of instruction, from kinder garten to the University of California, which has its home here. This university ranks with the great seats of learning ire the world. Sit uated in beautiful grounds covering 250 acr.es, new buildings at a cost of $2,000,000 are being added to the existing structures. (For full de scription see CALLFORNIA, UNIVERSITY 01;2. III Berkeley also are located the California chool of Arts and Crafts, the Cora L. Williams In stitute for Creative Education, the State School for the Deaf and the Blind, White's School for Boys, Miss Head's School for Girls, Saint Joseph's Academy for Boys, Saint Joseph's Presentation Academy for Girls, the A to Zed School, the Berkeley Business College, the South Berkeley Business College, the Pacific School of Religion, the Berkeley Baptist Di vinity.School, the Pacific Unitarian School, the Berkeley Outdoor School, the Berkeley Kinder garten and several musical and art schools; also public and school libraries. As a genuine musi cal centre also, Berkeley is attractive to all who. are musically inclined. The Berkeley Musical Association, which has a membcrship of .2,000, gives four or five events a year, the artists being of international famc. The Berkeley Oratorio Society presents two con certs a season.at which students are accorded liberal. concessions. Club life in Berkeley is attractive by reason of variety. There are three lunds of clubs: clubs for men; clubs for women; and clubs to vaiich both men and women arc admitted. All of these devote much time and attention to the serious affairs of life. This is particularly true of the women's clubs of Berkeley which are merely social organi zations, although the society of the community is a highly developed organism. Women here devote much attention to civic betterment and public affairs, as befits their character as voters and law makers. While the natural ad vantages of Berkeley are highly prized by the citizens and although they undoubtedly at tract a great many of the thousands who arc coming here annually, yet the real lure of Berkeley is its characteristic hospitality.. All comers are welcomed with a broad sptrit of Western comradeship that is most inviting. The schools, art institutes, civic centres, frater nal organizations, religious societies and social conditions tend to elevate and enrich the lives of those who come here. In all the world there is not a more cosmopolitan community—cos mopolitan in the best sense—that of equal op portunity and equal respect Character and personal worth are what count in fixing the status of the individual or the family in this communty. The settlement of Berkeley dates from the selection of the university site in 1868. The town was incorporated in 1878 and adopted the commission form of government in 1909. Pop. (1900) 13,214; (1910) 40,434; (1918) 63,000. In view of Berkeley's fame as an educational centre it is proper to mention that the city was named in honor of Dr. George Berkeley, Dean of Derry and lord bishop of Cloyne, the gifted scholar and phi losopher, author of the oft-quoted line, °West ward the course of empire talees its way.*