BERLIN CONGRESS, a gathering at Ber lin, Germany, where the European powers undertook the settlement of the questions grow ing out of the Russo-Turlcish War of 1877-7& The Congress met 13 June 1878; and completed its labors with the signing of a treaty on 13 July following. The Treaty of San Stefano (3 March 1878) between Russia and Turkey did not suit the other powers; and the Congress, convened at the suggestion of Germany, so modified the agreement between Russia and Turkey that the former lost nearly all the fruits of victory. By the new arrangement Bulgaria was divided into two parts, Bulgaria proper and eastern Rumelia. Parts of Ar menia were given to Russia and Persia; the independence of Roumania, Serbia and Monte negro was guaranteed; Bosnia and Herzegovina was transferred as protectorates of Austria; and Bessarabia restored to Russia. Greece was also to have an accession of territory. By a
separate arrangement previously made between Great Britain and Turkey, the former got Cy prus to administer. Bismarck was the president of the Congress. The more important members were Prince Gortchalcoff, Count Andrassy, Lord Beaconsfield, Lord Salisbury, Lord Rus sell, M. Waddington, Count Corti, Karatheodori Pasha, Prince Hohenlohe and General von Bfi low. OT1 9 April 1909 Great Britain and Ger many recognized the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria and signed their con sent to the abrogation of Article 25 of the Treaty of Berlin. France and Russia took the same action on the following day. Consult Hertslet, (The Map of Europe by Treaty' (Vols. III and IV, London 1891) ; Holland, 'The European Concert in the Eastern Ques tions) (Oxford 1885) ; id., (Studies in Inter national Law ( Oxford 1885 ).