BERWICK, James Fitz-James, DUKE OF French marshal: b. Moulins, 1670; d. 1734. He was the natural son of the Duke of York, after ward King James II, and Arabella Churchill, sister of the Duke of Marlborough; and first went by the name of Fitz-James. He received his education in France, and served his first campaigns in Hungary under Charles, Duke of Lorraine, general of Leopold I. He returned to England at the age of 17, and received from his father the title of duke. On the landing of the Prince of Orange in 1688 he went to France with his father, whom he afterward accom panied on the' Irish expedition. He took part in the siege of Derry and was wounded at the battle of the Boyne, 1 July 1690, He afterward served in the low countries. In 1705 he sup pressed the rising of the Camisards of Lan guedoc, and was naturalized in France. In 1706 he took Nice, was made marshal of France, and sent to Spain, where he gained the battle of Almanza, which rendered King Philip V again master of Valencia. In 1709 he went to take
the command in Dauphine, and the measures which he took to cover this and the neighboring provinces against the superior forces of the Duke of Savoy gained him a great reputation., In 1718 and 1719 he was obliged to serve against Philip V, who from gratitude to the rnarshal had taken a son of his into his service. On his entrance into the Spanish dominions he wrote to his son, the Duke of Liria, admonish ing him to do his duty to his sovereign At the siege of Philipsburg, on the Rhine, his life was terminated by a cannon-ball. He had served in 29 campaigns. His memoirs were published in French in 1778 and have gone through English editions. Consult Wilson, (Duke of Berwicic, Marshal of France' (1883).