BRUGSCH, Heinrich Karl, German Egyp b. Berlin, 18 Feb. 1827; d. Charlotten burg. 9 Sept. 1894. A work entitled 'Scriptura 2Egyptiorum Demotica,' published in 1848, gained him the favor of Alexander von Hum boldt and Frederick William IV, the latter of whom enabled him to complete his studies by visiting the museums of Paris, London, Turin and Leyden. In 1853 he made his first visit to Egypt and assisted Mariette in his researches, being appointed on his return in the following year assistant in the Berlin Egyptian Museum. He accompanied the Prussian embassy to Per sia in 1860, and four years later became consul at Cairo. Returning in 1868, he was appointed to the chair of Egyptology at Giittingen, but soon resigned in order to take charge of the Cairo school of Egyptology. He was soon raised to the rank of bey, and some time after ward to that of pasha. In 1876 he came to the United States as Egyptian commissioner to the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. In 1883 he traveled in Egypt, Syria, Greece and Italy, with Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia, and in 1885-86 he twice visited Persia, partly on official business. He was again in Egypt in
1891, and in the following year he made a jour ney to the Libyan Desert. Brugsch's chief work is the Hieroglyphisch-demotisches Worterbuch> (1867-82). His other writings include 'Reise berichte aus Agypter0 (1855) ; (Grammaire Demotique' (1855) ; 'Monuments de l'Egypte) (1857) ; 'Geographische Inschriften altagyptis cher Denlanaler) (1857-60) ; 'Histoire d'Egypt& (1859) ; 'Recueil des Monuments Egyptiens' (1862-85) ; (Reise der koniglich Preussischer Gesandtschaft nach Persien) (1862-63) ; eroglyphisc.he Grammatik> (1872) ; (Geschichte Agyptens unter den Pharaonen' (1877) ; tionaire ueograpnigne de •ancienne tgypte (1877-80) ; 'Religion und Mythologic der alten Agypter, nach den Denlanalern) (1888) ; 'The saurus Inscriptionum (1883 91) ; Agyptologie' (1890) ; 'Aus dem Morgenlande, Altes und Ncues> (1893), etc. His 'History of Egypt from the Monuments' has appeared in English. In 1894 his autobi ography appeared under the title 'Mein Leben .und Wandern.'