BRUNEI, broo-ni'e, BRUNI, or BORNEO PROPER, a state lying northeast of Sarawak, in the island of Borneo. It has an area of 4,000 square miles and a population of about 30,000. The territory forms a triangle, having for a base the coast line from a point three miles north of the mouth of the Baram River to the mouth of the Timbang. This is all that re mains of the old Malay Sultanate of Bruni, which is now under the protection of the British Crown. The town of Bruni, the an cient capital of the sultans, is built over the water on the river Bruni, not far from its mouth. Pop. about 15,000. A British protec torate over Brunei was proclaimed in as well as over North Borneo (q.v.) and Sara wak (q.v.). Thus the whole of Borneo—the largest island in the world — is divided between the Dutch and British. On 2 Jan. 1902, by treaty, the Sultan of Brunei handed the general administration over to a British resi dent, acting under the governor of the Straits Settlements, who is high commissioner for Brunei. The Sultan Mohammed Jemal-ul-alam
(b. 1889) succeeded his father in 1906. He receives $7,000 per annum from state funds and his two chief ministers arc paid $3,500 each. There is but little manufacturing indus try beyond the processes of reducing the raw products to a portable condition. The chief products exported are cutch (q.v.), coal, rubber and sago; imports consist mainly of rice, tobacco, tools and cloth. Most of the trade is with Singapore, and a regular steam launch service is maintained with Labuan (43 miles). The revenue falls short of the expenditure, and the state is run at a loss by the British Crown. For bibliography see BORNEO.