BUCYRUS, Ohio, city and county-seat of Crawford County, situated on the Sandusky River and on' the Pennsylvania, the Ohio Cen tral and Sandusky division of the Pennsylvania railroads. Stockraising and farming are carried on in the region and the city is actively en gaged in the manufacture of machinery, ven tilating apparatus, plows, vehicles and furni ture. The has fine school and county buildings, municipal waterworks, a park, and there are numerous mineral springs in the sur rounding region. Bucyrus was settled in 1818 and incorporated in 1829. Pop. 8,122.
BUD, a modified shoot in which, owing to the non-development of the axis, the lateral organs become crowded together. It contains the rudiments of future organs, as stems, branches, leaves and organs of fructification. The usual form of a bud is an elongated ovoid, and according to their position they are de scribed as terminal, that is, formed at the end of a branch, or axillary, that is, produced in the axil of a leaf. Besides the rudimentary organs found in the interior, buds are in cold or tem perate climates often covered externally with a viscous and resinous coating, and furnished internally with a downy tissue, destined to de fend the enclosed organs from the rigor of win ter. No envelopes of this kind are observed on the buds of the greater number of tropical plants. Buds on exogenous plants are in their commencement cellular prolongations from the medullary rays, which force their way through the bark. The cellular portion is surrounded by spiral vessels, and covered with rudimentary leaves. When the vascular part of the bud develops the central cellular portion remains as pith, enclosed in a medullary sheath, which iso lates it from the parent stem. Thus it remains till the second year. The bud here described,
which contains the rudiments of future leaves, branches, etc., is called a leaf-bud. Sometimes more than one bud is found in or near the axil of a single leaf, in which case all but the proper axillary bud are called accessory buds. The buds begin to show themselves as soon as the leaves have taken their full development. They are then very small, as the developed leaves absorb the nutritive juices of the plant, leaving them little nourishment. On the fall of the leaf they enlarge, and take the form they are to retain during winter, in which season they are stationary. On the return of spring they begin to swell, and burst the scales which form their external covering, and the young shoots which these have served to protect now make their appearance. The external scales of the bud are usually deciduous, that is, they fall off when the young shoot appears; sometimes, how ever, they are persistent. These scales some times represent leaf-blades, as in lilac; some times stipules, as in the beech; or petioles, as in the horse-chestnut. Flower-buds are pro duced in the axil of leaves called floral leaves or bracts. They are not capable of extension by the development of the central cellular por tion, and instead of the conservative organs of plants, leaves and branches, they produce the reproductive organs, flowers and fruit. Peren nial herbaceous plants spring from a subter ranean bud called the tuno, which is developed annually, and from which the new stem is pro duced. The bulb is a sort of bud of this kind. The arrangement of the leaf in a leaf-bud is called its vernation; of the petals and sepals in a flower-bud, their aestivation.