BUFORD, Napoleon Bonaparte, Ameri can soldier: b. Woodford County, Ky., 13 Jan. 1807; d. 28 March 1883. He was graduated at West Point, 1827, did garrison duty in Virginia and Maine as second lieutenant in the 3d Artillery, and was assistant professor of nat ural and experimental philosophy at the Military Academy, 1834-35, when he resigned his commission, became an engineer in the service in the State of Kentucky, 1835-42, and a merchant and iron founder at Rock Island, Ill., 1843-61, being president of the Rock Island & P. Railway, 1857-61. He entered the Civil War as colonel of the 27th Illinois Volun teers, took part in the battle of Belmont, 7 Nov. 1861, the attack on Island No. 10 in the Missis sippi River, March-April 1862, captured Union City, Ky., 31 March 1862, took part in the expe dition to Fort Pillow, the siege and battle of Corinth, and the siege of Vicksburg, February 1863. On 24 Aug. 1865, he was mustered out of service with the rank of brevet-major-general of volunteers, conferred for gallant and meri torious services during the Rebellion. He was special commissioner of Indian affairs during 1868, and for inspecting the Union Pacific Rail road, 1867-69. During the negotiations after the battle of Belmont the Confederate Gen. Leonidas Polk wrote of Buford, whom he had known at West Point : "He is as good a fellow as ever lived and most devotedly my f riend — a true Christian, a true soldier and a gentle man every inch of him." BUG, an insect of the order Hemiptera. Bugs are characterized by the beak-like suck ing mouth-parts, composed of the mandibles and maxilla, which are ensheathed by the large expanded labium; by the free, large prothorax, the usually angular short body, and the irregu larly veined wings, the veins being but few in number, while the fore wings are often half coriaccous and thick. The metamorphosis is incomplete. There are many wingless parasitic forms, and many aquatic species.
The triangular head is nearly always sunken into the prothorax, and is small in proportion to the rest of the body ; the eyes are small, nearly globular, and very prominent, and the three ocelli are set far back, while the short, bristle-like, or filiform antenna, with from 5 to 13 or more joints, are inserted below and far in advance of the eves, so that the front is broad and flat. The parts of the mouth form a four
jointed, solid, hard beak. The mandibles and maxilla are long and style-like, the iatter with out palpi; they are ensheathed at their base by the canaliculate labium, which has obsolete palpi. The labium is well developed, being generally acutely triangular. The thorax is like that of beetles, the prothorax being broad above, and the wings, when folded; concealing the rest of the body. The legs are situated close to gether, with cox and trochanters very similar to those of the Coleoptera. The body is usually very flat above, or, in the more or less cylindri cal species, somewhat broad and flat. The body is less concentrated headwards than in the Coleoptera, though much more so than in the Orthoptera, and in this respect, as well as in other essential characters, the group is inter mediate between these two orders. Both pairs of wings are very equal in size and alike in shape, except in the higher families, where they are very unequal, the hinder pair being very small.
The legs are slender, and often very long, owing to the great length of the femora and tibia, while the tarsi, like those of the lowest Colcoptera, are two- or three-jointed. The ab domen has six to nine segments apparent, though the typical number is 11. The stigmata are very distinct, being often raised on a tubercle. On the basal ring of the abdomen are two cavities in which are sometimes seated i vocal organs, as in the male cicada, and in the metathorax of some species are glands for se creting a foul odorous fluid. In the Cicadidce and Phytocoris the ovipositor is perfect and much as in the saw-flies and wasps.