BUGIS, boolaz, a people of the Indian archipelago, chiefly inhabiting Macassar and Boni, in the island of Celebes. They profess the religion of Islam, have a literature and alphabet of their own and have more liberal governmental institutions than any of the other peoples of the Celebes. They are muscular, middle-sized and of a light-brown color, some being even fair. Their dress consists of a piece of red or blue striped cotton, which they wrap about their loins, and pass between their legs. They bind their jet-black hair very taste fully, in a red or blue cotton handkerchief. They pluck out the hair of their beards, and ornament their arms and legs with brass wire above the wrists and ankles, and to these the children attach bells. They are, to a notable degree, proud, passionate, revengeful and crafty; yet they are regarded as the most civil ized of the natives of Celebes, and are the chief trading people in the Malay archipelago. Their fondness for commerce has led to their settling in many places out of Celebes, and a "Bugis is to be found in most of the large towns of the different islands. They build ships of 50 or 60 tons burden, and their voyages extend from Sumatra to New Guinea. From Macassar the voyage begins with the east monsoon, the prahus trading as they pro ceed west until they reach Rhio, and even Malacca and Acheen, when they are prepared to return with the change of the season. They take with them native cotton cloths, gold-dust, nutmegs, silver dollars, birds'-nests, camphor, benzoin or frankincense and tortoise shell; and return with European broadcloths and cottons, opium, unwroght iron and tobacco, which they partly sell at the intermediate ports as they sail homeward. This is their most im
portant voyage, but they make many subordi nate ones for collecting birds'-nests, feathers, tortoise shell, trepang and other articles of commerce. Consult ten Brink, P. B. van S., Celebes' (1884).
BUGLE,.a wind instrument of far carry ing and penetrating tone used for signalling. It is generally made of copper or brass and in its commonest form is devoid of all valves and keys. It can thus produce only certain notes, and those most commonly employed in the calls are contained in the major triad. In shape the bugle is a long, gradually tapering tube, bent three or four times to ensure portability, has no regular bell, but ends in a tapering cone. It is usually made tuned in B-flat, C, E-flat. More complicated instruments are made with keys and valves but are of no use in the sym phony orchestra, and the ordinary one described above is the one generally employed in the army. The infantry bugle has a narrower tube, is not bent so many times and has a more clearly marked bell. The history of the bugle dates from the very earliest times, having its archetype in the old ram or bull's horn. The corresponding wind instrument in Hebrew times was the shofar. In Rome it• was also used for military purposes. We even find in the British Museum a bugle which dates back to the Bronze Age in Denmark. In the Middle Ages the word was applied to the ox or its horns, whether used for drinking or music. As a military instrument in England it was intro duced in the 17th century.