41 The Grain Trade
41. The Grain Trade. The Cana Dian Grain Trade Has Been Subject To Legisla Tive Control From An-early Date; But The First Enactment After Confederation Applicable To The Whole Of Canada Was In 1874 When The Dominion Parliament Passed The General In Spection Act Dealing With A Large Variety Of ...
42 Minerals
42. Minerals. From A Country So Vast And Of Such Varied Geological Structure As Canada One Expects A Wide Range Of Mineral Deposits, And The Expectation Is Not Disappointed, For Already Most Of The Minerals Known To-exist Elsewhere Have Been Found In The Dominion, And Often In Important Deposits, Though ...
43 Fisheries
43. Fisheries. Among The Great Indus Tries Of Canada The Fisheries Stand Fifth In The Order Of Value. The Farming Industry (mainly Grain Growing) Is Estimated To Yield $500,000,- I 000 Per Annum; The Lumber Industry $100, 000,000; Stock Raising $100,000,000; Mining $105,000,000, While The Fishing Industries Are Estimated To ...
44 Manufactures
44. Manufactures. The 1911 Cen Sus Of Canada, Which Affords The Latest Com Prehensive View Of Canadian Manufacturing, Gave The Total Value Of Manufactured Products In Establishments Employing Five Hands And Over As $1,165,975,639, And Placed A Value On The Raw Materials Consumed In The Manufactur Ing Process At About ...
45 Water Powers
45. Water Powers. Some Years Ago The Late T. C. Keefer, C.m.g., A Distinguished Canadian Engineer, In A Presidential Address Before The Royal Society, Described The Water Resources Of Canada In The Following Words: An Examination Of Any Good Map Of Our Broad Domin Ion, Reveals, As Its Most Striking ...
47 Banking System
47. Banking System. The First Bank Ing Establishment In Canada Was A Private Bank Founded In Montreal In 1792, Under The Name Of The Canada Banking Company, And Evidently Intended To Be Modeled After The English Pri Vate Banks. It Opened For Business And Issued Notes, But Its Life Was ...
50 The Granger Movement
50. The Granger Movement. The Granger Movement In Canada Closely Resembles In Its Economic And Social Features The Move Ment Of The Same Name In The United States From Which It Derived Its Initial Inspiration. The Grange Was First Established In The Prov Ince Of Quebec In 1872 By Eben ...
51 The Labor Movement
51. The Labor Movement In Canada. In Canada, As Elsewhere, The Labor Movement Has Been Shaped By Political And Economic Environment. The Presence Of The French In Quebec Has Been An Important Factor. The Existence Of Free Land And The Large Part Played By Transportation And Construction Trades In A ...
6 Under British Rule
6. Under British Rule To Con Federation (1760-1864). At The Mo Ment When Vaudreuil (see Vaudreuil-cavag• Nal, Pierre) Capitulated To Amherst (septem Ber 1760) (see Morrriu:al — History) There Were No English In Canada Save The Troops And A Few Civilians Who Had Come With Them. But, Outwardly At Least, ...
7 The Maritime Provinces
7. The Maritime Provinces To Confederation. The Early History Of The Three Eastern Seaboard Provinces Of Canada Is An Important Incident In The Long Dramatic Struggle Between France And England For World-empire. Their Place On The Map Linked Their Destinies With Those Of New France On The One Hand, And ...
8 Confederation
8. Confederation. In 1837 There Took Place Two Rebellions: One In Upper And British The Other In Lower And French, Can Ada, Simultaneous, But Almost Unconnected, And Scarcely United In Sympathy, Since The Brit Ish Protestants Of The Upper Province Were By No Means Fraternally Linked With The French Of ...
9 Since Confederation
9. Since Confederation. On 1 July 1867 There Were Great Rejoicings In Canada For It Was The Birthday Of The New Dominion. But At That Time The Work Of Founding A Cana Dian Nation Was Only Begun; Much Remained To Do. As It Stood On 1 July 1867 The Dominion ...
America Fort Necessity Pittsburgh
America; Fort Necessity; Pittsburgh, Tory; Washington, George). The Effect Of Braddocic's Defeat Was Felt In The Expeditions Of Shirley Against Oswego (qv.), And In That Of Johnson Against Crown Point (see Crown Point, Fortress Or). • A Body Of Provincials Had Been Raised, And Placed Under The Com Mand Of ...
Bayberry Candleberry
Candleberry, Bayberry, Can Dleberry Myrtle, Tallow-tree, Or Wax Myrtle, A Shrub (cerothamnus Cerifera) Common In Eastern North America, Where Candles Are Made From The Waxy Sub Stance Collected From A Decoction Of The Fruit. It Grows Abundantly In Sandy Soil, And Seems To Thrive Particularly Well In The Neighborhood Of ...
Boundary Commission
Boundary Commission. It Has Been Said That The Politics Of Can Ada Are Railways. In A Country So Vast, Means Of Transportation Are Of Vital Moment. Thus It Happened That, After The Canadian Pacific Rail Way Was Completed, Plans Were Soon On Foot For Other Transcontinental Lines. Since The Ca ...
Bulgarian Language And Lit
Bulgarian Language And Lit Erature. Bulgaria And The Adjacent Dis Tricts Of Macedonia Are Considered To Have Been The Cradle Of The Old Slavic Languages. The Ancient Bulgarian Language Was The Richest Of Them All, And Was The Scriptural Language Of The Greek-slavic Church And The Great Medium Of Ecclesiastical ...
Bulkeley
Bulkeley, Morgan Gardner, Ameri Can Politician: B. East Haddam, Conn., 26 Dec. 1837. At The Age Of 15 He Entered A Mercantile House In Brooklyn, N. Y. And In A Few Years Became A Partner In It. When The Civil War Broke Out He Went To The Front As A ...
Bull
Bull, Ole Bornemann, Norwegian Vio Linist: B. Bergen, 5 Feb. 1810; D. Near There, 17 Aug. 1880. He Went To Cassel In 1829, Where For A Short Time He Studied Under Spohr, Re Turning Later To Bergen. He Went To Paris In 1831, Where At First He Met With Little ...
Bull Dog
Bull-dog, A Dog Of Moderate Size, De Rived Previous To The I3th Century, From Between The Old British Mastiff And The Large Pug Of Extreme Southeast Asia. Both Its An Cestors Still Exist As Separate Breeds. An;aver Age Mature Specimen Will Weigh 40 To 50pounds. They Are Squat And Muscular ...
Bull Fight
Bull-fight, A Contest Between Men And Bulls, Conducted As A Public Spectacle. ' Once Popular In Greece And Rome, This Form Of En Tertainment Was Introduced By The Moors Into Spain And Universally Adopted In The Cities Of The Kingdom, Where, As Well As In Mexico And Some Other Of ...
Bull Run
Bull Run, First Battle Of. The First Great Battle Of The Civil War Occurred Sunday, 21 July 1861, In The Vicinity Of Manassas, Va. The Union Forces Were Commanded By Briga Dier-general Irvin Mcdowell, The Confederates By General Joseph E. Johnston, Who Had Ar Rived From Winchester At Noon Of ...
Bull_2
Bull, Papal, An Authoritative Letter Is Sued By The Roman Pontiff Acting In His Official Capacity As Head Of The Church, A Papal Brief Is Also An Official Letter Of The Pontiff Of A Less Formal And Weighty Character, And Differs In Sundry Particulars From The Bull, Especially In Its ...
Bullet
Bullet. A Projectile Discharged From A Musket, Fowling-piece, Pistol Or Similar Weapon. When The Smooth-bore Arms Alone Were Used, The Bullets Were Made By Casting. Molten Lead Was Poured Into Molds And The Molds Were Dipped In Cold Water, To Hasten The Solidification Of The Lead. The Molds Were Cooled ...
Bullion
Bullion, Uncoined Gold Or Silver In Bars, Plate Or Other Masses, Which Has Been Re Duced To The Standard Fineness Of The Coinage Of A Country, But Is Sometimes Used To Designate The Metals Generally, Whether Coined Or Un Coined. United States Standard Bullion Con Tains 900 Parts Of Pure ...
Bullock
Bullock, Rufus Brown, American Statesman: B. Bethlehem, Albany County, N. Y., 28 March 1834; D. Atlanta, Ga., 27 April 1907. He Was Graduated At Albion Academy In 1850, And, After Various Pursuits, Was Sent During 1859-60 To Organize The Business Of The Adams Express Company In The South Atlantic States. ...
Bulow
Bulow, Bilge), Bernhard, Prince Vox, German Statesman: B. Klein-flottbeck, Hol Stein, 3 May 1849. He Came Of A Distinguished Family, And Was, On The Mother's Side, Of Danish Ancestry. He Was Educated At Lausanne, Leip Zig And Berlin, Studied Law And Served In The Franco-german War, Where He Rose To ...
Bulwer Lytton
Bulwer-lytton, Edward George Earle ( 1st Loan Lytton), English Politician And Novelist: B. London, 25 May 1803; D. Tor Quay, Devonshire, 18 Ian. 1873. The Bulwers, Long Settled At Heydon Hall, Norfolk, Claimed Descent From The Normans And Vikings, Per Haps As A Ready Explanation Of Their Bold And Turbulent ...
Bumblebee
Bumblebee, A Wild Bee Of Some Species Of The Genus Bombus, Of Which Upward Of 50 Species Inhabit North America. Few Occur In The Southern Hemisphere Or Tropical Regions, And None In Africa South Of The Sahara Or In Australia, While They Are The Only Bees Inhabit Ing Arctic And ...
Bunce
Bunce, Francis Marvin, American Naval Officer: B. Hartford, Conn., 25 Dec. 1836; D. There 19 Oct. 1901. He Entered The Naval Serv Ice In 1851 And Was Graduated From The Naval Academy In 1857. In 1862 As Executive Officer Of The Penobscot He Took Part In The Engage Ment With ...
Bungert
Bungert, Boon'gart, August, German Composer: B. Mfilheim, Prussia, 14 March 1846. He Studied Under Kufferath At Miilheirn, At Cologne And Paris. He Held A Position As Musical Director At Kreuznach, Then Went To Berlin, Where He Continued His Studies Under Kiel, And Later Moved To Genoa. By Many Ger Man ...
Bunker Hill
Bunker Hill, Mass., An Eminence, 110 Feet High, In The Charlestown District Of Boston, Connected By A Ridge With Another Elevation, 75 Feet High, Named Breed's Hill. These Heights Are Memorable As Being The Scene Of A Battle, 17 June 1775, Commonly Known As The Battle Of Bunker Hill. The ...
Bunker Hill Orations
Bunker Hill Orations. The First Of The So-called Hill Orations) Of Daniel Webster Was Pronounced 17 June 1825, The 50th Anniversary Of The Battle Of Bunker Hill, When The Cornerstone Of The Bunker Hill Monument Was Laid. The Second Was Delivered 18 Years Later At The Exercises To Commemorate The ...
Bunsen
Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias (cheva Lier), German Statesman And Philosopher: B. Korbach, Waldeck, 25 Aug. 1791; D. Bonn, 28 Nov. 1860. He Studied Philology Under Heyne At Gottingen, And Subsequently Went To Holland And Denmark, To Acquire A Critical Knowledge Of The Danish And Dutch Languages. In 1815 He Made ...
Bunt
Bunt, Sometimes Called Smut Ball, Pepper Brand And Brand Blad Ders, The Most Formidable Disease, Perhaps, To Which Wheat Is Subject, But One Which May In Most Instances Be Greatly Modified, And Which Seldom In The Present Day Does Material Injury Except Where There Is Careless Cultivation. Like Many Other ...
Bunyan
Bunyan, John, English Preacher And Author: B. Elstow, Near Bedford, Bedfordshire, England, 1628; D. Swan Hill, London, 31 Aug. 1688. The Bunyans Were An Old Family In Bed Fordshire But Bunyan's Immediate Ancestors For Several Generations Had Been Obscure, And Bun Yan's Own Father, Thomas Bunyan, Was A Tinker. Of ...
Buoy
Buoy, B00% Boi Or Bwoi, Any Floating Body Employed To Point Out The Particular Situation Of Anything Under Water, As Of A Ship's Anchor, A Shoal, Etc. They Are Of Various Shapes And Constructions. The Can Buoy Is Of A Conical Form And Is Used For Pointing Out Shoals, Sand ...
Buprestidie
Buprestidie, Bu-pres'ti-de, A Family Of Coleopterous Insects (betties), Many Of Which Are Remarkable For The Splendor Of Their Appear Ance. This Family Is Included In The Pentamerous Section Of Coleoptera, Which Was Formed By Latreille, And So Named Because The Members Of It Have Five Joints In The Tarsi. The ...
Burbank
Burbank, Luther, American Naturalist, Author And Plant Originator: B. Lancaster, Worcester County, Mass., 7 March 1849; Of English-scotch Ancestry; Educated In The Com Mon Schools And Local Academy; Worked As A Boy For The Ames Plow Company, Agricultural Implement Manufacturers, Worcester, Mass., Where He Exhibited Marked Inventive Abilities, But Soon ...
Burckhardt
Burckhardt, Johann Karl, Ger Man Astronomer: B. Leipzig, 30 April 1773; D. 22 June 1825. He Acquired A Fondness For Astronomy From The Study Of The Works Of Lalande, And Made Himself Master, At The Same Time, Of Nearly All The European Languages. He Wrote A Latin Treatise 'on The ...
Burdock
Burdock, A Small Genus (arctium) Of Coarse Perennial Or Biennial Herbs Of The Family Asteracea, Natives Of Temperate Asia And Eu Rope, But Widely Distributed As Weeds Through Out The World. Common Burdock (a. Lappa), Which Often Attains A Height Of Four Feet, Is Sometimes Planted In Japan, Where It ...
Burger
Burger, Gottfried August, German Poet: B. 1 Jan. 1748, At Wolmerswende, Near Halber Stadt: D. Gottingen 8 June 1794. He Showed An Early Predilection For Solitary And Gloomy Places And The Making Of Verses, For Which He Had No Other Model Than Hymnbooks. He Learned Latin With Difficulty. In 1764 ...
Burgess
Burgess, John William, American Edu Cator: B. Cornersville, Tenn., 26 Aug. 1844. He Was Educated At Cumberland University, Leb Anon, Tenn., And At Amherst College, Mass., Where He Was Graduated In 1867; Studied Law, And Began To Practise In 1869. During This Year He Was Appointed Professor Of English Lit-, ...
Burglary
Burglary, At Common Law, The Break Ing And Entering The House Of Another In The Nighttime, With Intent To Commit A Felony Therein, Whether The Felony Be Actually Commit Ted Or Not. Burglary At Common Law, And In Its First Degree In The Statutes Of The Various States, Must, In ...
Burglary Insurance
Burglary Insurance. A Contract Of Indemnity, (1) Against Direct Loss By Bur Glary, Or By Burglary, Theft Or Larceny Of Any Of The Assured's Property, Occasioned By Its Felonious Abstraction From The Interior Of The House, Building Or Apartment Occupied By The Assured As A Residence By Any Domestic Servant ...
Burgos
Burgos, Spain, City, The Capital Of The Province Of Burgos, And Formerly Of Old Cas Tile, And Once The Residence Of Its Kings. It Stands On The Declivity Of A Hill, On The Right Bank Of The Arlanzon. The Streets Are Narrow And Dark, The Finest In Every Respect Being ...
Burgoyne
Burgoyne, Ber-goin', John, English General And Dramatist: B. 24 Feb. 1723; D. Lon Don, 4 Aug. 1792. He Was The Son Of Capt. John Burgoyne, And Grandson Of Sir John Bur Goyne Of Bedfordshire, Although Reputed To Be A Natural Son Of Lord Bingley. Educated At Westminster, He Entered The ...
Burgoyne_2
Burgoyne, Stn John Fox, English Offi Cer Of Engineers : B. 24 July 1782; D. 7 Oct. 1871. He Was The Son Of Gen. John Burgoyne; Was Educated At Eton And At The Royal Military Academy At Woolwich; Entered The Royal En Gineers In 1798; Served At Malta In 1800, ...
Burgundy
Burgundy, A Region Of Western Europe, So Called From The Burgundians, A Teutonic People Originally From The Country Between The Oder And The Vistula. In Consequence Of The Wars Against The Alamanni, In Which They Were Defeated, They Migrated To The Region Of The Upper Rhine And In The Beginning ...
Burian Von Rajecz
Burian Von Rajecz, Baron Stefan, Austro-hungarian Diplomat And Statesman : B. Near Pressburg, Hungary,. 15 Jan. 1851, A Hun Garian Of Slovak Extraction. Educated In His Native Town And Vienna, He Served In Various Consular Capacities At Alexandria, Bucharest, Belgrade, Sofia And Stuttgart. As Austro-hun Garian Consul-general At Moscow, He ...
Burke
Burke, John, State Governor And National Treasurer: B. Keokuk County, Iowa, 25 Feb. 1859. He Studied At The University Of Iowa, Receiving The Ll.b. Degree In 1886, When He Removed To North Dakota And Was County Judge During Several Years Of Rolette County. After Being Elected Member Of The North ...
Burke
Burke, Edmund, Political Philosopher And Orator: B. Dublin, 12 Jan. (probably) 1729; D. Beaconsfield, England, 9 July 1797. He Was The Son Of A Solicitor In Good Practice. His Mother Was A Roman Catholic, But He And His Two Brothers Adopted The Religion Of Their Protestant Father. Always, However, He ...
Burke_2
Burke, Thomas, American Statesman: B. Ireland, About 1747; D. Hillsborough, N. C., 2 Dec. 1783. He Left Ireland About 1764 And Lived For Some Years In Accomac County, Va., En Gaged In The Study And Practice Of Medicine. He Next Studied Law, Began Practice In Nor Folk And In 1774 ...