CALDERON, Philip Hermogenes, Eng lish painter, of Spanish parentage: b. Poitiers, 3 May 1833; d. London, 30 April 1898. He was the son of Juan Calderon, at one time professor of Spanish literature in King's College, London. Coming to England about 1845, he became shortly afterward the pupil of a civil engi neer; but his artistic ability was so pronounced that his father allowed him to devote himself to the study of art at the British Museum and the National Gallery. In 1853 he went to study under Picot at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. He first exhibited at the Academy in 1853, his picture being named 'By the Waters of Babylon.' Among the many pictures he subsequently produced are (Broken Vows' (1857) ; 'Far Away' (1858) ; 'The Gaoler's Daughter' (1858) ; 'Never More' (1860); 'Liberating Prisoners on the Young Heir's Birthday' (1861) ; (After the Battle> (1862), one of his most successful works; (The English Embassy in Paris on the Day of the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew' (1863); 'Her Most High, Noble and Puissant Grace) (1865), the last two being among his finest works; 'Whither?) (1867—his diploma picture) ; 'Sighing His Soul Out in His Lady's Face) (1869) ; 'Spring Driving Away Winter' (1870) ; 'On Her Way to the (1871), a sequel to his masterpiece of 1865; 'Victory) (1873) ; 'Half-hours with the Best Authors); 'La Gloire de Dijon) (1878) ; 'Renunciation of Saint Elizabeth of (1891, National Gallery, London), probably his greatest work; 'Home They Brought Her Warrior Dead) • 'The Answer' (1897) ; and (1897). Elected A.R.A. in 1864, he be
came, three years later, a full academician. He gained in 1867 the first French gold medal awarded to an English artist, and in the same year was made keeper of the Royal Academy, in which position he remained until his death. In 'Broken Vows) he betrayed a tendency to the pre-Raphaelite style, but he did not retain this style very long. His work betrays his French technical training, while his subjects reflect English popular sentiment.