CALVARY, the English name for the emi nence, which was the scene of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. It lay beyond but near Jerusalem, and by some it is identified with the old House of Stoning, or place of public execution, ac cording to the law of Moses, on the top of the remarkable knoll outside the Damascus gate, on the north side of Jerusalem. It was from this cliff that the criminal used to be flung before being stoned (according to the Talmud), and on it his body was afterward crucified; for the spot commands a view all over the city, and from the slopes round it the whole population might easily witness the execution. In Roman Catholic countries the name is applied to the representation of the passion and crucifixion, by three crosses, with life-size figures of Christ and the thieves and a number of surrounding figures, representing the mob present at the crucifixion. The Calvary at Aix-la-Chapelle is represented by a church on a hill, around which are 12 stones, with sculpture marking the events which occurred on the journey of Jesus to Mount Calvary. The road leading to Calvary
is called Wia Dolorosa?) CALVIt, Wyk Emma, French opera singer: b. Madrid, Spain, 1864. Her real name is Emma de Roquer. She was born of a French mother and Spanish father, and was educated in a convent school in the south of France. She studied under Rosine Laborde and made her debut at Brussels in Gounod's (Faust,' 1882. She has made successful tours of the United States in leading roles, her first appear ance in New York being on 29 Nov. 1893; and has been popular in opera comique and grand opera in Europe. Some of her best roles are 'Chevalier Jean' (1885) ; and Massenet's 'Navarrise' (1895). After 1909 she devoted herself to concert tours.