CAMBRIDGE, Mass., city and one of the county-seats of Middlesex County, situated on the Charles River and the Fitchburg division of the Boston and Maine Railroad, also con necting with the Boston and Albany Railroad; opposite and joined to Boston by nine bridges. It was founded in 1630-31, under the name of "Newe-Towne," or "Newtown," and did not receive its present name until several years later. In 1636 the General Court appropriated $2,000 to locate a school in Old Cambridge, which later became Harvard College, now Harvard University. In 1631 Cambridge was 35 miles long and only one mile wide, includ ing the townships now incorporated as Billerica, Bedford, Lexington, Arlington, Brighton and Newton, all these having been gradually separated from it. The city was formerly divided into villages called Old Cambridge, Cambridgeport, East Cambridge and North Cambridge, names which are still used to desig nate certain districts. It has grown into a populous centre, manufacturing glass, furniture, organs, steam-engines, etc., the total value of which amounts annually to over $45,000,000. Nearly 1,200 retail establishments supply the wants of Cambridge, paying $2,250,000 a year in wages, and having sales of over $15,000,000. The first printing office in the United States was located in Cambridge, and the (Bay Psalm-. Book,) published by Stephen Day and printed in 1640, was the first book from this press. Cambridge has now extensive printing estab lishments, including the Riverside Press, the Athenmum Press and the University Press. For historical and literary associations, Cam bridge is one of the most famous cities in the United States. The venerable Washington elm, under which Washington took command of the American army, 3 July 1775, stands at the corner of Mason and Garden streets. "Craigie House," built by Col. John Vassall in 1759, was Washington's headquarters in 1775-76, and afterward became the home of the poet Henry W. Longfellow until his death. On Elm ave
nue is "Elmwood," the birthplace and home of James Russell Lowell, who lived here 1819-91. A part of the place, bought by public subscrip tion, is preserved as a public park. This city was also the home of Oliver Wendell Holmes, William Henry Channing, Margaret Fuller Ossoli, Col. Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Louis Agassiz, John Fiske and Charles Eliot Norton. The fine city hall and land for a park was the gift of a former citizen, Frederick H. Rindge, who also presented the city with a pub lic library, an institution now called the Rindge Manual (raining School, and other benefac tions which amounted to more than $1,000,000. The beautiful Mount Auburn cemetery is partly in Cambridge and partly in Watertown. Among important buildings are those of Harvard Uni versity; Radcliffe College; Cambridge Hospi tal; Manual Training School; the Latin and High Schools; Public Library; and Middlesex County Courthouse. Much has been accom plished toward developing a system of parks which includes nearly the entire river front, and extends around the manufacturing district. In two recent years the total building operations in new factories, fine apartment-houses and private residences amounted to $5,000,000. The total value of taxable property is $130,000,000. The city buildings, land and equipment are valued at $4,000,000; its parks at $4,300,000, and it owns its waterworks which cost $6,500,000. The administration consists of a mayor and city council. Pop. 114,000. Consult Bacon,