CEDAR MOUNTAIN, CEDAR RUN, or SLAUGHTER'S MOUNTAIN, Battle of. On 8 Aug. 1862, Crawford's brigade of Banks' corps marched from Culpeper Court-house, eight miles to Cedar Run, to support Bayard's cavalry brigade, which was being driven back by Stone wall Jackson, who, with the three divisions of C. S. Winder, Ewell and A. P. Hill, in all nearly 24,000 men, was advancing from Gor donsville to seize Culpeper. On the 9th Banks' entire corps, at Little Washington, was ordered to follow Crawford, and Sigel was ordered to march his corps from Sperryville to the same point. Banks joined Crawford at Cedar Run about noon and took position on elevated ground just beyond it, covering the road to Culpeper, Crawford's brigade and six companies of the 3d Wisconsin, of on the right of the road, being partially hid in woods. Gordon's brigade was held in reserve on the hither side of the stream. Across the road on Crawford's left was Geary's brigade; Prince's brigade was on Geary's left, and Greene's small brigade to the left of Prince and somewhat removed. Seven batteries of artillery were distributed on the plateau slightly in advance of the infantry. Banks had about 8,000 men. Jackson crossed the Rapidan on the 8th, and about noon of the 9th drove back Bayard's cavalry, and follow ing, came under fire of the Union artillery and prepared for battle. Early's brigade was ordered to advance, keeping to the right and close to the Culpeper road, while Ewell led his two other brigades further to the right along the slope of Cedar Mountain. Early advanced un til he came under severe artillery fire, when he halted under cover of a small hill and C. S. Winder's division and three batteries came up on his left, Campbell's brigade on the extreme left, then Taliaferro's, with Winder's brigade in reserve. While placing his batteries on and near the road Winder was mortally wounded by a piece of shell. It was now 5 o'clock, and Banks gave the order to advance and attack. The three brigades of Crawford, Geary and Prince threw out skirmishers, drove in those of the Confederates, and the main line advanc ing became severely engaged. Early's right held its own against Prince, but on the Union right Crawford, advancing with great im petuosity, attacked and routed Campbell's brigade; then swung to the left, fell upon and (with the assistance of Geary) routed Talia ferro and shook Early's left. It was going
hard with Early when Hill's division came up and, forming on his right and left, restored the fight, checked Crawford's further success, drove him and Geary back, and held Prince in check. Then the 10th Maine, of Crawford's brigade, which had been held in reserve, went forward on the extreme right, and in less than 10 minutes was compelled to retreat with a,loss of nearly one-half its men. At the same time a battalion of Pennsylvania cavalry charged down the road and was instantly driven back in disorder. Gordon's brigade came on the field as the 10th Maine was going out. In its advance it moved a little to the right of where the 10th Maine had been, and was met by the brigades of Branch, Archer and Winder, with such a withering front and flank tire that it was badly cut up and parts of it driven off, again to rally and go forward; but, under cover of the woods, Pender's brigade gained its right and rear, poured in a volley and drove it from the field. The artillery had now been with drawn and the Confederates advanced. Prince's brigade fell back, leaving Prince and many of the men prisoners, and Greene. on the extreme left, who had not been seriously en gaged, but had held Ewell's two brigades in check, was withdrawn. Night had now fallen, but Jackson, desiring to enter -Culpeper before morning, gave immediate pursuit, and when one and one-half miles from the field was checked by Banks' rallied troops and Rickett's division, which had come up from near Culpeper, followed later by Sigel. General Pope also had arrived and as sumed command. The Union loss was 1.759 killed and wounded and 594 missing. The Con federate loss was 1,338 killed and wounded and 31 missing. Pope and Jackson confronted each other on the 10th and 11th, but on the night of the 11th Jackson retreated, abandon ing many of his wounded, recrossed the Rapi dan and marched to the vicinity of Gordons ville. Consult 'Official Records> (Vol. XII); Ropes, 'The Army Under Pope); Gordon, (Army of Virginia' ; Allan, 'Army of Northern Virginia in 1862' ; The Century Company's 'Battles and Leaders of the Civil War' (Vol. II).