Catholic Press Of America
Catholic Press Of America. The Formative Period Of Catholic Journalism Was An Era Full Of Struggles And Anxieties When Unreasonable Attacks Were Made Upon The Liberties Of Catholics; For At That Time The Tenets Of The Roman Catholic Church Were Very Poorly Understood And Oftentimes Mis By Those Who Were ...
Catholic Seminaries
Catholic Seminaries. The Name Seminary Is Generally Applied To Institutions Where Candidates For The Diocesan Priesthood In The Catholic Church Receive Their Spiritual And Intellectual Training. Preparatory Departments (petite Seminaire) Are Sometimes Found In The Same Building, Hut The Term Is Generally Applied In The United States To Those Institutions ...
Catholic University Of Amer
Catholic University Of Amer Ica, The, An Institution For Higher Education Maintained By The Catholic Church In The United States And Located At Washington, D. C. The Need Of A University In Which Instruction Should Be Given And Research Conducted In All The Departments Of Knowledge, Under Cath Olic Auspices, ...
Catiline
Catiline (lucius Sergius Catilina), Roman Statesman: B. About 108 N.c.; D, Pistoia 5 Jan. 62 Ac. Of Patrician Birth, But Prior, He ' Attached Himself To The Cause Of Sulla, Had Some Share In His Success, And Still More In His Proscriptions. Murder, Rapine And Conflagra Tion Were The First ...
Cato
Cato, Marcus Porcine, The Censor, Sur Named Piuscus, Also Sapiens (othe Wise'), And Major ('the Elder'), Roman Statesman And General: B. Near Tusculum 234 A.c.; D.,149 D.c. The Modern Village Of Monte Porzio Catone Near Tusculum Perpetuates His Memory. He Inherited From His Father, A Plebeian, A Small Estate In ...
Cato_2
Cato, Marcus Porcius, Called (to Dis Tinguish Him From The Censor, His Great Grand Father) Cato Of Utica And Cato The Younger, Roman Patriot : B. Rome 95 B.c.; D. Utica, North Africa, 46 B.c. He Formed An Intimacy With The Stoic Antipater Of Tyre, And Maintained Through Life The ...
Cattle
Cattle. Cattle Comes From The Old French Word Catel, Which Is Derived From The Mediaeval Latin Captale Or Capitate, Meaning Goods Or Property. The Use Of The English Word Cattle Ordinarily Refers To A Group Of Animals Related To The Ox Or Cow, Although On Occasion It Has Been Applied ...
Cattle
Cattle, Diseases Of. Contagious Diseases.— All Such Diseases Are Communicable To Other Susceptible Bovines By A Microbe Of Some Kind, Which May Be Large Enough To Be Demonstrated By A Good Microscope, Or So Infinitesimal As To Remain Invisible Under The Strongest Magnifying Powers (ultravisible). But All Alike Show Their ...
Cattle Plague
Cattle-plague, Any Plague By Which Large Numbers Of Cattle Are Destroyed. Such Plagues Have Existed At Intervals, More Or Less, In All Countries And In All Ages. Among The Severer Visitations In Centuries Preceding The 19th May Be Mentioned A Great Plague Which Arose In Hungary In 1711, Whence It ...
Catullus
Catullus, Gaius Valerius, Roman Poet: B. Verona 87 Or 84 A.c.; D. Probably 54 B.c. He Is Deemed By Some To Be Rome's Greatest Lyric Poet, By Others To Be Second Only To Horace. His Family Seems To Have Had Social Standing And At Least Moderate Means; For His Father ...
Caucasia
Caucasia, That Division Of European Russia Lying In The Extreme Southeastern Part Of The Empire (38*-46° 30' N.), Between The Black And Caspian Seas, And Bounded On The South By Asiatic Turkey And Persia And On The North By The Provinces Of The Don Cossacks And Astrakhan. It Covers An ...
Caucasus Mountains
Caucasus Mountains, A Lofty And Rugged Range Of Mountains Forming One Of The Natural Barriers Between Europe And Asia. It Extends In A Northwest And Southeast Direction From Near The Strait Of Kerch On The Black Sea To Near Baku On The Aspheron Peninsula Pro Jecting Into The Caspian Sea. ...
Caucus
Caucus (short For 'caucus Club"), A Po Litical Party Gathering For Nominations Or Con Ference On Party Policy, As Distinguished From A Merely Hortatory One. It May Be A Town Or Ward Meeting, To Nominate Local Candidates Or Delegates To Higher Nominating Conventions (the Latter Sort Are Also Called 'primaries') ...
Cauliflower
Cauliflower, A Member (brassica Oleracea Var. Botrytis) Of The Cabbage Tribe, Derived From The Same Original Species As Cab Bage (q.v.), From Which It Differs In Having A More Or Less Compact Head Of Metamorphosed Flowers And Adjacent Parts Instead Of A Bud Like Head Of Densely Packed Leaves. Broccoli ...
Cause
Cause, That Which Brings About Any Change In The State, Condition, Circumstances, Etc., Of Things; That Which Produces An Effect. In Philosophy, That By Which Something Known As The Effect Is Produced And Without Which It Could Not Have Existed. To Give A Satisfactory Notion Of All The Senses In ...
Cavaignac
Cavaignac, Louis Engine, French Gen Eral: B. Paris, 15 Oct. 1802; D. 28 Oct. 1857. His Father, Jean Baptiste Cavaignac (q.v.), Was A Furious Revolutionist, And Member Of The Council Of Five Hundred. Young Cavaignac Entered The Ecole Polytechnique In 1820, And Afterward The Military School At Metz, And In ...
Cavalier Poets
Cavalier Poets, A Term Properly Ap Plied To The Group Of Lyrists Among The Follow Ers Of Charles I And Of His Exiled Son, From The First Actual Warfare With The Commonwealth Until The Restoration. The Term Is Also Applied More Broadly To Other Poets Of The Time Such As ...
Cavalleria Rusticana
Cavalleria Rusticana ()rustic Chivalry)). The Title Of A Famous Short Sketch Of How An ((affair Of Honor) Was Settled In A Country Place In Sicily, By Giovanni Verga. The Story First Appeared In 1880 In A Collection Of Tales Entitled (vita Dei Campi) ()life In The Fields)) And Subsequently When ...
Cavalleria Rusticana_2
Cavalleria Rusticana, Grand Opera In One Act By Pietro Mascagni (lib Retto By Targioni-tozzetti And Menasci, Founded On A Tale By Verga), First Produced At Rome, 17 May 1890. Awarded The Prize In A Competition For One-act Operas Offered By The Publisher Sozogno, (cavalleria Rusticana) Launched Its Composer Into World-wide ...
Cavalry
Cavalry, Term Used To Designate Soldiers Trained To Fight Mounted And Sometimes Em Ployed On Foot. The Decisive Power And Value Of Cavalry Lie In Its Mobility And In Opposing Infantry. On Foot, The Cavalry Of To-day Can Attack Positions With The Same Resolution And Determination As Can Infantry. They ...
Cave Animals
. Cave Animals. The Animal Life Of Caverns Falls Into Three Categories: 1. Animals, Mostly Extinct, That Made Their Dens Or Left Their Bones In Caves, And In Life Were Members The Next Group. 2. Animals That Temporarily, But Habitually, Resort To Caves For Refuge, Or Sleep, Or As Breeding-places. ...
Caveat
Caveat, Kit've-it (lat. Get Him In Law, A Notice Served On A Public Officer Or Court To Refrain From Doing A Certain Act With Out First Giving Notice To The Caveator, As The Person Is Termed Who Enters The Caveat. Per Haps The Best Known Use Of The Caveat In ...
Caveat_2
Caveat, Ki've-it, Emptor (lat. (let The Buyer A Rule Of Law That Warns The Purchaser To Take Care And Examine Prop Erly Before He Buys It. In Sales Of Real Estate The Purchaser's Right To Relief Depends On The Covenants In The Deed In The Absence Of Fraud On The ...
Cavell
Cavell, Edith, An English Nurse: B. Norfolk 1872; Executed In Brussels During The German Occupation Of Belgium On 12 Oct. 1915. She Was The Daughter Of A Clergyman; Entered London Hospital For Training As Nurse, 1896; Invited To Belgium In 1900 By Dr. Depage, A Distinguished Medical Man Who Had ...
Cavendish
Cavendish, Henry, English Chemist: B. Nice, Italy, 10 Oct. 1731; D. London, 10 March 1810. He Was A Grandson Of The 2d Duke Of Devonshire, And After His Education At Peter House College, Cambridge, Devoted Himself Ex Clusively To Scientific Research. He Lived In Quiet Retirement, Having No Interests Besides ...
Cavendish_2
Cavendish, William, Duke Of New Castle, English General: B. 1592; D. 25 Dec. 1676. James I Made Him Knight Of The Bath In 1610 And In 1620 Raised Him To The Peerage As Viscount Mansfield. In 1628 He Became Earl Of Newcastle By Charles I And Later Became The Tutor ...
Cavour
Cavour, Ka-voor', Camillo Benso, Count Di, Italian Statesman: B. Turin, 10 Aug. 1810; D. 6 June 1861. He Was The Son Of The Marquis Benso Di Cavour And His Mother Was The Daughter Of Count De Sellon Of Geneva. He Was Educated In The Military Academy At Turin, Where He ...
Caxton
Caxton, William, First English Printer: B. Kent About 1422; D. London 1491. In 1438 He Was Bound Apprentice To Robert Large, A Mercer In London, And Soon After His Master's Death (1441) He Went To Bruges, Where, In 1446, He Went Into Business On His Own Account. About 1463 He ...
Caylus
Caylus, Ka-his, Anne Claude Philippe De Tubieres, Count Of, French Archa-ologist: B. Paris, 31 Oct. 1692; D. There, 5 Sept. 1765. He Was A Son Of The Marquise De Caylus (q.v.), And After Having Served In The Army During The War Of The Spanish Succession, He Left The Serv Ice ...
Cayugas
Cayugas ("swamp-dwellers,)> Possibly In Reference To Their Cranberry Swamps) A Tribe Of North American Indians, Forming The Small Est Of The Original Five Nations Of The Iroquois, And According To Onondaga Tradition, The Last To Join The Confederacy; Whence It Was Called "the Youngest Brother?) The Tribe Was Not In ...
Cebidie
Cebidie, Sebi-de, A Family Of American Monkeys, Including The Howler, Saki, Sapajou, Spider-monkey (qq.v.), Etc. See Also Monkey. Cebu, Or Se-boo', Philippines, An Island Lying Between Negros And Bohol, North Of Mindanao. Its Length Northeast And South West Is 139 Miles; Width, About 20 Miles; Area, 1,668 Square Miles. It ...
Cecilia
Cecilia, Saint, Christian Virgin And Martyr; Her Day In The Roman Calendar Is 22 November. Her Story As Recounted In The
Cedar
Cedar, Various Cone-bearing Evergreen Trees And Their Wood; Also Several Non-conifer Ous Trees. The Most Widely Known Are Prob Ably The Cedar Of Lebanon (cedrus Libani), The Deodar, Or Goa-tree, Of India (c. Deodara), And The African Or Mount Atlas Cedar (c. Atlan Tica). These Are Large Ornamental Evergreen Trees ...
Cedar Creek
Cedar Creek, Battle Of. After The Battle Of Fisher's Hill, 22 Sept. 1864, General Sheridan Followed Early As Far As Harrison Burg, His Cavalry Going As Far As Port Republic, Staunton And Waynesboro. In View Of The Difficulty Of Supplying His Army So Far From Its Base, And Of Other ...
Cedar Rapids
Cedar Rapids, Iowa, City In Linn County, On The Cedar Wiver And The Chicago & N. W., Chicago, R. I. & P., Chicago, M. & Saint P. And Illinois C. Railroads, 219 Miles West Of Chicago And 310 Miles North Of Saint Louis. It Is An Important Railway And Manu ...
Cedar Run Cedar Mountain
Cedar Mountain, Cedar Run, Or Slaughter's Mountain, Battle Of. On 8 Aug. 1862, Crawford's Brigade Of Banks' Corps Marched From Culpeper Court-house, Eight Miles To Cedar Run, To Support Bayard's Cavalry Brigade, Which Was Being Driven Back By Stone Wall Jackson, Who, With The Three Divisions Of C. S. Winder, ...
Ceiling
Ceiling, The Interior Overhead Surface Of An Apartment Usually Formed Of A Lining Of Some Kind Affixed To The Under Side Of Joists Supporting The Floor Above, Or To Rafters; The Horizontal Or Curved Surface Of An Interior Opposite The Floor. The Word Seems To Have Been Suggested By The ...
Celakovsky
Celakovsky, Chrt-la-kov'ske, Fran Tisek Ladislav, Bohemian Poet And Philologist: B. Strakonitz, 7 March 1799; D. Prague, 5 Aug. 1852. He Was Destined For The Pulpit, But From Patriotic Impulses Declined To Adopt That Pro Fession, And Engaged In 1821 As Instructor In A Nobleman's Family. In 1828 He Became As ...
Celebes
Celebes, S'il'e-be's Or Sen-bez, Dutch East Indies, One Of The Larger Islands Of The Indian Archipelago, Between Borneo On The West And The Moluccas On The East, Extending From Lat. 1° 45' N., To 45' S., And From Long. 118° 45' To 125° 17' E. And Remarkable For The Singularity ...
Celery
Celery, A Biennial Or Annual Herb (apissan Graveolens) Of The Family Apiacea. It Is A Native Of Europe, Asia And Africa, In The Older Civilized Parts Of Which It Was Cul Tivated Prior To The Christian Era. In Nature The Plants Are Commonly Found In Moist Ground, Where They Attain ...
Celestine V
Celestine V, Saint, A Pope Celebrated As The One Occupant Of The Papal See Who, His Title Undisputed And No Demand Made For His Retirement, Voluntarily And Of His Own Motion Abdicated The Pontificate. He Was A Neapolitan, Born In 1215, And While A Lad Entered The Order Of Benedictines. ...
Celibacy
Celibacy, The State Of Being Unmarried; Especially The Voluntary Single Life Undertaken By Religious Devotees And By Some Clerical Or Ders, As Those Of The Roman Catholic Church. Paul (1 Cor. Vii) Recommends Virginity, With Out Condemning Matrimony. The Roman Cath Olic Church Respects Matrimonial Chastity, But Esteems Virginity A ...
Cell
Cell. The Cell Is The Unit Of Life. The Name Was Given By Robert Hooke, An English Architect, Who Discovered The Cellular Struc Ture Of Plants While Examining Charcoal And Cork. In Such Objects All Living Contents Have Disappeared; So The Name, Cell, Was Applied To The Honeycomb-like Chambers. During ...
Cellini
Cellini, Benvenuto, Noo'-to, Italian Sculptor Of The Renaissance, Engraver And Goldsmith: B. Florence, 1 Nov. 1500; D. There, 25 Feb. 1571. It Was His Father's Desire That His Son Become A Musician. For This Reason He Spent His Boyhood Practising The Flute, But When He Became 15 Years Of Age ...
Cellinis Autobiography
Cellini's Autobiography. Eng Lish Readers Are Fortunate In That The Transla Tion By John Addington Symonds Has Made The 'autobiography Of Benvenuto (1500-71) A Piece Of English Literature. The Translation Is Prefaced By An Admirable Critical Introduction, To Which The Student Is Referred For All Questions Of Text And Historical ...
Celluloid
Celluloid, An Artificial Substance In Vented In Its Modern Form By The Brothers Hyatt Of Newark, N. J., In 1869 (u. S. Letters Patent No. 88,634) Extensively Used As A Sub Stitute For Ivory, Bone, Hard Rubber, Coral, Etc., Having A Close Resemblance To These Substances In Hardness, Elasticity And ...
Cellulose
Cellulose, A Chemical Substance Closely Allied To Starch, Which Occurs In All Plants, Where Its Compounds Form Essential Constituents Of The Walls Of The Cells. It Is Especially Prominent In Young Plants, And With Age It Becomes More Or Less Completely Con Verted Into Lignin And Other Analogous Prod Ucts. ...
Celsius
Celsius, Setsffis, The Name Of A Swed Ish Family, Several Members Of Which Attained Celebrity In Science And Literature: 1. Magnus Celsius : B. In The Old Province Of Helsingland 1621; D. 1679. He Became Professor Of Mathe Matics In The University Of Upsala And Published Two Works On The ...
Celsus
Celsus, Pagan Philosopher, An Antagonist Of The Christian Religion In The 2d Century. He Is Believed To Have Been The Same Celsus, Friend Of Lucian, To Whom Is Inscribed Lucian's Satiri Cal Sketch Of The Life Of The Noted Impostor And Pseudo-thaumaturgus Alexander Of Abonotichus, Entitled No Work Of Celsus ...
Celtic Church
Celtic Church, Icirtik, The Name Ap Plied To The Christian Church In Great Britain And Ireland Before The Mission Of Augustine (597) And Which For Some Time Thereafter Maintained Its Independence By The Side Of The New Anglo-roplan Church. In Britain, The Origin Of The Christian Church Remains In Ob ...
Celtic Languages
Celtic Languages. The Celtic Lan Guages Are The Most Westerly Representatives Of The Indo-european (better Called, As More Clearly Indicating Their Territorial Limits, The Indo-celtic) Family Of Languages, All Of Which Descend From A Common Origin, With A General System Of Sounds, Roots, And Construction; They Have Been Spoken By ...
Celtic Literatures
Celtic Literatures. We Have No Information As To The Literature Of The Gauls, If They Ever Had One, Which Is Not Likely, Since Writing Was Forbidden To The Druids, Who Were The Repositories Of Lore And Learning Among The Ancient Celts On The Continent Of Europe. If They Had A ...
Celtic Peoples
Celtic Peoples. Hecatmus Of Mile Tus And Herodotus (5th Century A.c.) Are The Earliest Authors To Mention The Celts, And They Speak Of Them In Connection With The Danube. The Greek Geographers Got Their Information At Second Or Third Hand From Merchants And Sailors And Their Notions On The Subject ...
Celtic Renaissance
Celtic Renaissance Is The Name Given To That Comprehensive Intellectual Awakening, Which Manifested Itself In A Re Markable Revival Of Interest, Displayed During The Latter Part Of The 19th And The Beginning Of The 20th Century And Continued Up To The Present, In The Languages, The Literatures, The Earlier History, ...
Cement
Cement. A Cement Is Any Compound Which, Under Certain Conditions, Is Plastic And Under Others Develops Tenacity And Can Be Used For Holding Together Various Materials; Hence Glue, Lime, Asphaltum, Mucilage And Solder Are Cements. By Far The Most Important Class Of Cements Structurally And Commercially Are The Hydraulic Cements, ...
Cemetery Laws
Cemetery Laws, Official Regulations Governing Graveyards Where The Dead Bodies Of Human Beings Are Buried; Their Management And The Care Of The Avenues, Walks, Grounds, Tombstones And Sculptures, Used For General Or Ornamental Purposes. Two Classes Of Ceme Teries Are Recognized In Law: The Public Ceme Tery, Used By A ...
Cenci
Cenci, Chen'che, Beatrice, Italian Lady, The Cause Of The Extermination Of The Noble Family Of Cenci. Muratori, In His 'annals) (vol. X, Part 1, 136), Relates The Story As Fol Lows: Francesco Cenci, A Noble And Wealthy Roman, After His Second Marriage Behaved To Ward The Children Of His First ...
Cenci_2
Cenci, The. Shelley's Poetic Tragedy; 'the Cenci' Was His One Attempt To Write "for The Multitude* And For The Stage. Though Fol Lowing The Model Of Elizabethan Tragedy, And Containing Echoes From Shakespeare, Mainly From 'lear,' 'macbeth> And 'othello,' It Is Yet A Work Of Individual Genius. While It Mat ...
Cenozoic
Cenozoic, Se-no-zo'ik, Era, The Last Of The Great Divisions Commonly Used In Classify Ing Geological Time, And Therefore Including The Present. As It Is The Last, Its Records Are Much More Complete Than Those Of The Mesozoic, But While More Complete They Are, Perhaps, More Perplexing. Of The Older Eras— ...
Censors
Censors, Sen'sorz. In Ancient Rome, Originally Two Magistrates Whose Chief Duty It Was To Keep The Register Of Property, On Which All Political Rights Were Based; The Community Being Graded By Amount Of Income From Estates. Being Thus Arbiters Of The Political And Social Position Of Every Freeman, They Speedily ...
Censorship Of The Press
Censorship Of The Press, A Regulation Subjecting Books, Pamphlets And Newspapers To The Examination Of Certain Civil, Military Or Ecclesiastical Officers, Who Are Em To Authorize Or Forbid Their Publica Tion. Such A Regulation Was Suggested By Plato,. And An Informal Censorship Existed In The Times Of Greece And Rome. ...
Censure
Censure, In Canon Law, A Spiritual Pen Alty Whereby A Contumacious Offender Is Denied The Use Of Certain Spiritual Goods. It Has Three Degrees, Excommunication, Suspension And In Terdict. By Excommunication The Offender Is Cut Off From Association With The Faithful Whether In Spiritual Things Or In Secular; By Suspension ...
Census
Census. The Utility To A Government Of Knowing The Extent Of Its Resources In Men And Property Is So Obvious That Some Means Of As Certaining It Were Probably Employed Early In History; But There Is No Record Of It On The Egyptian Or Assyrian Inscriptions, And The Chi Nese ...
Cent
Cent, A United States Coin And Money Of Account, The 1-100 Of A Dollar. The Convenience Of Decimal Computation Has Caused In Various Countries The Division Of The Monetary Unit Into Hundredths, With Names ' Derived From Latin Centum Or Its Adjectives; As The French Franc Into Centimes, The Dutch ...
Centennial Exhibition
Centennial Exhibition, A World's Fair Held In Philadelphia, Pa., From 10 May 1876 To 10 November Of The Same Year. To Celebrate The 100th Anniversary Of American Independence, An Association Of Philadelphians In 1870 Proposed An International Exhibition Of Arts, Manufactures And Agricultural Products, To Be Held In The City ...