CHIOS, kros(now called by the Italianized into Scio), one of the most, beautiful and fertile islands in the .Egean Sea seven miles off the coast' Of Asia Minor, at the entrance, to the Gulf of Smyrna; about 30 mile§ long from north to south, by 8 to 15 miles broad,,with a coast-' line of 'about 110 mites, an area of 320 square miles' and a population of about 74,000, almost' all Greeks. The northern part is more moun tainous than the southern part. The climate is' delightful. Earthquakes are common, and one in 1::1 caused the death 'of 3,558 persons, and the destruction of property to the value of over $15,000,000. The wine produced on the north west coast, the Vinum Arvisium of ancient' times, is still esteemed. Other products are figs, also noted in classical days; mastic, sills: lemons, oranges and olives. Goats' skins are also exported. The capital, Chios, about the middle of the east: coast, contains about 13,900 inhabitants, and has a,harbor touched by vari-1 Gus . services of• steamers and doing a good trade. On the. west coast is a rich monastery, Nea-Moni, founded in.. the 11th century. In ancient' times. excellent marble and potter's clay were quarried.in the mountains, and recentiSi pits of antimony and ochre have been worked.
Chios is one of the places• which contended' for the•honor of giving birth • to Homer. Its formed in; early times one of themost -flour-; ishing of •the Ionian states 'and ships to the Greek .force' defeated by -the Per." sians in the sea.flght -off •(494 s.c). After. the Peridan victory' the town and tem ples of ; Chiev.were burnt and many of the people entlaved. In more. recent times 'the' island was taken by the Genoese and; by: the 'Turks in whose hands it mined up to 1913, except for a short Intel-Val. Revolting against Turkish rule 'in 1821-22, idur-; iug the.Greek war for iudepeudence,,,the Chiotes
were ruthlessly massacred and bold as slaves. During the Balkan War 1912-13, a Greek-ex- pedition wrested the island from the 'Turks, which by the treaties of Lasido*.(May .1543) and. Athens (Nov. 1913) was awarded ,to Greece, From 1914 during the great European War, Chios was the scene of considerable itary and naval activity. See WAR, Euitolawar. CHIPMAN, Nathaniel, Americanjurist b.' Salisbury, Conn., 15 Nov. 1752; d. Middle- bury, Vt., 15 Feb. 1843, He was an officer in the American army for a part of the tionary -War, and was admitted. to- the , bee) in 1779. He served as State's attorney for four years. In 1786 he was elected judge of the Supreme Court; in 1789, chief justice and one of the commissioners to adjust the differ-, ences between Vermont and New York.. In 1791 he was a member of the convention called to decide the question whether Vermont should, accede to the Union, and a joint commissioner. with Lewis R. Morris to .attend Congress and negotiate for the admission of Vermont into the Union. In 1793 he published 'Sketches of the Principles of Government', and and Dissertations.' In 1796, he was again elects& chief justice of the Supreme. Conn and apt pointed one of a committee to revise a code of statute laws for Vermont. The revised laws of 1797 were written by him, He was a United. States senator(17984803), In 1813 he was vain elected justice of 18% to 1843 he was proTeSsor law in Middlehury College. In 1833 hi lished'''PrificiPles of Government: a Treatase on Free, Institutions, Including the Consututioti' of the United States,' which contained portion" • of his former treatise.