Chile
Chile, Chill, Or Chili, Chili (the Republic Of), Situated On The Western Coast Of South America, Between The Andes Mountains And The Pacific Ocean, Is Bounded On The East By Argentina And Bolivia And On The North By Peru. In Length It Surpasses Even Argentina (q.v.), For It Extends From ...
Chilkoot Pass
Chilkoot Pass, A Pass Over The Moun Tains In The Northern Part Of Alaska, Traversed By Thousands Of Gold-seekers In The Klondike Gold Fields' Excitement In 1896-98. By Way Of The Chilkoot Pass Is The Most Direct Route To Dawson City, The Principal Starting Point To The Klondike Region. The ...
Chillicothe
Chillicothe, Ohio, City, County-seat Of Ross County, On The Scioto River, Paint Creek, The Ohio And Erie Canal, The Baltimore And Ohio Southwestern, The Norfolk And West Ern And The Cincinnati, Hamilton And Day Ton Railroads, 50 Miles South Of Columbus The State Capital, To Which The Scioto Valley Third ...
Chillon
Chillon, She-yoie Or Shil'on, Switzer Land, A Castle On The Lake Of Geneva, Six And One-half Miles Southeast Of Vevey, Once An Im Portant Stronghold Of The Counts And Dukes Of Savoy, And The Prison-house Of Francis Bonni Yard, Prior Of Saint Victor, Geneva, From 1530 To 1536. It Stands ...
Chimaera
Chimaera, Ki-me-ra, A Fire-breathing Female Monster Reported To Be Of Divine Origin, Brought Up By Amisodarus, King Of Carla. According To The Description Of Her Given In The Homeric Poems, The Fore Part Of Her Body Was Like That Of A Lion, The Middle Like That Of A Goat And ...
Chimes
Chimes. A Set Of Bells From 3 To 12 In Number, Generally Of Considerable Weight, Tuned To The Notes Of The Diatonic Scale With Sometimes One Or Two Additional Half Tones. In England These Are Most Often Hung "free,* I.e., So As To Swing, And Then Are Called Also A ...
Chimney
Chimney (fr. Cheminee, Related To Latin Caminus, Oven), An Upright Structure Of Stone, Brick, Etc., Enclosing One Or Mere Flues Or Pas Sages Through Which Smoke And Gas From The Fire In A Stove, Furnace Or Fireplace May Escape Into The Open Air. Originally The Term Chimney Included Both The ...
Chimpanzee
Chimpanzee, Chim-pareze Or Chim Pan-ze, An Anthropoid Ape (anthropopithecus Niger), Native To The Equatorial Region Of Africa, From The Atlantic Ocean To The Nile, Within A Belt About 20 Degrees Wide. In This Extensive Territory It Exhibits Much Diversity And Has Many Local Names, But Whether These Indicate More Than ...
China
China (caunc-hua Min-kuo), An Im Mense Territory, Stretching From The Centre To . , The Eastern Extremities Of Asia, And Occupying Nearly A Third Of The Surface Of That Continent; Between Lat. 18° 20' And 56° N., And Long. 73' And 135° E.• ' Bounded North-by Siberia; West By Russian ...
China
China, Diplomatic Relations With. American Intercourse With China Began In 1784 With The Arrival Of The Empress Of China Near Canton, Which For A Century Had Been The Only Port Open To Foreign Over-sea Commerce. The Supercargo Of This Vessel Was Samuel Shaw, Who Was Appointed First American Consul At ...
China Decoration
China Decoration. The Decoration Of China, And, Indeed, Of All Kinds Of Clay Wares, Falls Into Two Groups: (1) Controlled By Method, And (2) Controlled By Producer. The Former Group Deals With The Fact That A Decora Tion Can Be Introduced At Any Stage Of The Man Ufacture; The Latter ...
China Proper
China Proper (anciently Cathay; Chinese, Chung Kuo, "middle Kingdom') Forms The Southeastern Portion Of The Republic, And Occu Pies Less Than A Third Of Its Whole Extent. Not Including The Island Of Hainan, It Lies Between Tat. 20° 20' And N., And Long. 98° And 123° E. China Is Bounded, ...
China And Japan
China And Japan. When In 1823 In Response To The Russian Ukase Claiming Exclusive Possession Of The Pacific Coast Of North Amer Ica To The 51st Parallel, John Adams Told The Tsar's Minister, Baron De Tuyl, That *we Should Contest The Right Of Russia To Any Territorial Establishment On This ...
Chinese Architecture And Art
Chinese Architecture And Art. The Fine Arts In China Are As Varied In Character And As Rich And Tasteful In Design As Those Of The Peoples Most Successful In Art; But They Are Known To Europeans In A Very Unequal Fashion. Thus The Architecture Of The Vast Country, Contained In ...
Chinese Ceramics
Chinese Ceramics. Until A Little Over A Generation Ago The Foreigner In China Found It Both Difficult And Dangerous To Person Ally Investigate The Inside Conditions Pre Vailing In That Country's Ceramic Industry. The Technique And History Of China's Wares, There Fore,' Remained A Mystery To Westerners, And Written Evidence ...
Chinese Immigration
Chinese Immigration. Until The California Gold Discoveries Of 1848 There Were Literally No Chinese Laborers In The United States. From 1840 To 1850, According To The Records Of Immigration, Only 35 Came Over, And Those All In The Year From June 1849 To June 1850. During The Next Ecade 41;397 ...
Chinese Language
Chinese Language, The. Among The Oldest Of Human Scripts, The Chinese System Of Writing Has Had An Astonishing Effect Upon The Life And Structure Of The Language Itself. It Has Conditioned Largely The Development Of Both The Native Speech And The Written Form Of The Vernacular, Making The Acquisition Of ...
Chinese Literature
Chinese Literature. In This Artide We Propose To Sketch The History And Treat Of The Influence Of The Literature Of China In Molding Not Only The Thought And Character Of The Chinese People, But Also Those Of The Neighbor And Vassal Nations Included In The Circle Of Chinese Culture, Rather ...
Chinese Windlass
Chinese Windlass, A Differential Windlass, In Which The Cord Winds Off One Part Of The Barrel And On To The Other, The Amount Of Absolute Lift Being Governed By The Difference In The Diameters Of The Respective Portions. It Is A Good Contrivance In The Respect That Great Power May ...
Chinook
Chinook, Chi-nook' (tsinfik, The Che Halis Name Of This Tribe), The Best Known Di Vision Of The Chinookan Family. They Held Territory On The North Side Of The Columbia River, In Washington, From The Mouth Of The River To Grays Bay. They Have Become Very Much Mixed With The Chehalis, ...
Chinook Jargon
Chinook Jargon, An Indian Trade Language Probably Of Considerable Antiquity, Which Is Known To Have Been In Use Along The Pacific Coast Of North America From Califor Nia Into Alaska For More Than A Century. It Has Had Incorporated Into It During That Time Numerous Foreign Words, But The Body ...
Chios
Chios, Kros(now Called By The Italianized Into Scio), One Of The Most, Beautiful And Fertile Islands In The .egean Sea Seven Miles Off The Coast' Of Asia Minor, At The Entrance, To The Gulf Of Smyrna; About 30 Mile§ Long From North To South, By 8 To 15 Miles Broad,,with ...
Chipmunk
Chipmunk, An American G••und-squir Rel, A Small Animal Of The Genus Tumid's, Six Inches Long, With A' Slender Furred Tail, Nearly' As Long As Its Body, And A •coat Of Red•. Dish-brown Fur, Sttiped With White On The Lack; From The:marking It Is Called Tamias The Eastern Species Has Two ...
Chippendalrfurniture
Chippendalrfurniture. Thomas Chippendale Was The Son Of A Woodcarver Of Worcester England.. The Era. Io R Whigh This Great Cabinetmaker '.. D. Hts.`helt Wetk' Was From 1735 To '1760; -then His Production Show, Decline. His, Furniture Shops And-showrooms Were In Saint • Martin's Lane, The Strand, Lon Don. These Furnituregalleries ...
Chippewa
Chippewa (puckered Up Roasting, A Term Said. To Have Been Degiv,ed From The Peculiar Puckered Shape Of „their Urtoceasuis, 4 Which Were Gathered In 404t 4. A Shorten Form Of Ojihway: (ojib, To, Pu: E,r, And . Ubrae. To Roast) ; One Or The Largest, Firth, American Indian Tribes. They ...
Chiromancy
Chiromancy, Krri5-man-si, The Prac Tice Of Attempting To Foretell The Ftittrte Of A Person By Inspecting The Lines Of His Hand, In The Markings Of Which Chiromancy Prtifesses To See A Line Of Life And A Line Of Fortune, In The Gen Eral Acceptation Of The Term, Chirochancy, Among Students• ...
Chiropody
Chiropody, The Treatment By Experts, Male And Female, Of Hand And Human Foot Dia Eases And Malformations, First Becoming Defies Nicely Known To Science In The,latter Part Of The 18th Century. In 1785 A Publication Anpeared In London Under The Title (chiropodologm,° Treat Ing In A Scientific Manner The Causes ...
Chiropraptic
''chiropraptic. Defined.— Chiroprac Tie A Tiamegiven To The 'study And Application Of A Universal Philosophy Of Biology, Theology, Theosophy, Health, Disease, Death, The Science Of The Cause Of Disease And Art Of Permitting The' The Triune Relationships Be Tween All Attributes Necessary To Normal Com Posite Forms; To Harmonious Quantities ...
Chisholm
Chisholm, Jesse, Pioneer, Guide, Scout, Interpreter And Trader: B. Tennessee About 1806; D. March 1868: His Father Was A Seotchman And His Mother A Cherokee Indian. He Mi Grated To The West While The Cherokees, Oc Cupied Lands In Arkansas, Being Mentioned 'ws One Of The Members Of The Tribe ...
Chisholm_2
. Chisholm V. Grorgra, In The United States Supreme Court; The Lase Which Led The Several States To Protect Themselves From Legal Responsibility To Individuals, While Retaining Legal Powers Of Aggression. The Constitution Provides (art. Iii, Sec. 2): %the Judicial Power Shall Extend To All Cases— Between A State' And ...
Chivalry
Chivalry (fr. Chevalerie, From Cheval, Lat. Caballus, "a Horse"), A Term Which Indicates Strictly The Arganitatioli Of Knighthood As It Existed In The Middle Ages, And In A General Sense The Spirit And Aims Which Distinguished The Knights Of Those Times. The Chief Char Acteristics Of The Chivalric Ages Were ...
Chloroform
Chloroform (chc1s, Trichlorometh Ane, Methenyl Chloride, Terchloride Of Formyl), A Heavy, Clear, Colorless, Mobile And Diffusible Liquid Of A Sweet Burning Taste And Characteris Tic Etheral Odor Formed By The Action Of The Sun's Rays On A Mixture Of Chlorine And Marsh Gas; Also By The Action Of Caustic Potash ...
Chlorophyce1e
Chlorophy'ce1e (gr. Light Green, And Seaweed). A Group Of Alga Which Is Characterized By The Fact That The Green Chlorophyll (q.v.) Of Its Members Is Not Masked By Other Pigments. Certain Algre Of A Yellowish Green Color Which Were Formerly Considered To Belong To This Group Have Been Assigned By ...
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll (gk. Xxi.ophc , Light Green, And Oudixer, Leaf). The Green Coloring Matter Possessed By Almost All Plants That Are Not Of A Parasitic Or Saprophytic Habit. It Is Soluble In Ether, Alcohol, Chloroform, Carbon Disulfid, Olive Oil, Benzine And Other Organic Solvents, And When Dissolved Exhibits A Red Fluorescence ...
Chloroplast
Chloroplast (gk. Xxijp6c. Light Green, And /ozark, Formed). The Chlorophyll (q.v.) Or Green Coloring-matter Of Plant-cells Is Not Diffused Throughout Their Mass, But Is Col Lected In Certain Special Bodies Known As Chloro Plasts. These Chloroplasts May Be Of The Most Varied Shapes; They May Be Granular, As Is The ...
Chlorosis
Chlorosis (gr. , Green), Is A Diseased Condition Which First Manifests Itself Almost Exclusively In Females At The Time Of Puberty Or In The Early Years After Its Establish Ment. If It Occurs Later It Is Probably The Re Currence Of An Earlier Attack. The Manifest Symptoms Are A Characteristic ...
Choate
Choate, Joseph Hodges, American Lawyer And Diplomat: B. Salem, Mass., 24 Jan. 1832; D. New York, 14 May 1917. He Was Graduated At Harvard University In 1852 And At The Harvard Law School Two Years Later. After Practising Law In Boston For A Year He Went To New York City, ...
Choate_2
Choate, Rufus, American Lawyer : B. Ipswich, Mass., 1 Oct. 1799; D. Halifax, N. S., 13 July 1859. He As A Child Showed Remark Able Precocity; Was Graduated At Dartmouth College In 1819; Was Admitted To The Bar And Began Practice In Danvers In 1823; Removed To Salem In 1828; ...
Choctaw
Choctaw (properly Chahta, The Chief In Chateaubriand's Atala' Is An Eponym Of The Tribe), One Of The Largest Tribes Of The Great Muskhogean (q.v.) Stock And Be Fore Its Deportation The Most Advanced In Hus Bandry And General Culture Of Any Except The Creeks. They Were Called 'flatheads' By The ...
Choieul Praslin
Choi$eul-praslin, Engine Antoine Horace, Comte De, French States Man: B. 23 Feb. 1837. He Served In The Navy From 1853 To 1865, Held Some Minor Offices, And In 1869 Was Elected To The Corps Legislatif. He Was First Elected To The National Assembly In 1871, And Has Been Several A ...
Choir
Choir. In Religious Worship, An Organ Ized Body Of Singers. In Ceremonial Christ,san Religions, The Choir Officials And Choristers, Or Other Singers Taken Collectively, Are Spoken Of As The Choir. Typical Choral Organizations, Such As Those Of Catholic And Episcopal Cathe Drals And Churches Are Usually Divided Into Two Sets ...
Choiseul Gouffier
Choiseul-gouffier, Marie Gabriel Auguste Florent De, Count Of, French Antiquarian And Diplomat: B. Paris 28 Sept. 1752; D. Aix-la-chapelle, 20 June 1817. He Was Colonel In The Queen's Regiment, Lived At The Court Of Marie 'antoinette, And Was The • Friend And Co-worker With Talleyrand. He Early Displayed A Particular ...
Cholera
Cholera, Wes-a, Asiatic, An Acute, Infectious Disease, Endemic In Some Localities And Epidemic In Others, Characterized By Vomit Ing And Purging Of A Peculiar Rice-water-like Fluid, And A Stage Of Collapse. It Is Usually Ushered In By Vomiting, Purg Ing And Griping Pains In The Stomach, And Death May Follow ...
Chonos
Chonos, Chainos, Archipelago, Or Guaytecas Islands, A Group Of Islands Belonging To The Chilean_province Of Chilok, Lying Off The West Coast Of Patagonia, Mostly Be Tween Lat. 44° And 46° S., And Long. 74° And 75° W. Two Are Large, But They Are Nearly All Semi-barren And Scantily Inhabited By ...
Choral Societies
Choral Societies. A Choral Society Is A Body Of Amateur Singers Formed For The Purpose Of Studying And Performing Large Choral Works. Formerly All Chorus Singers Were Professional Musicians, And The Chorus That Took Part In The Production Of An Oratorio Did Not Usually Number Over 40, While The Orchestra ...
Chord
Chord (from The Greek Word Chord', A String Of Gut). 1. In Music, The Simultaneous And Harmonious Union Of Different Sounds, At First Intuitively Recognized By The Ear, And After Ward Reduced To A Science By The Invention Of The Laws Or Rules Of Harmony. Chords May Consist Of From ...
Chorus
Chorus, Originally A Special Feature In The Greek Drama. During The Most Flourishing Period Of Attic Tragedy The Chorus Was A Troop Of Male Performers, Wearing Masks And Repre Senting Male Or Female Characters, Who, During The Whole Representation, Were Spectators Of The Action. In The Intervals Of The Action ...
Chouteau
Chouteau, Auguste Pierre, American. Fur Trader And Pioneer: B. Saint Louis, Mo., 9 May 1786; D. Fort Gibson, 25 Dec. 1838. He Entered The United States Military Academy In 1804 And Was Appointed An Ensign In The 2d United States Infantry, In June 1806. He Served On The Southwestern Frontier ...
Christ
Christ, Disciples Of, A Denomination Of Christians In The United States Commonly Known As The Christian Church, Or Church Of Christ, And Sometimes Called Campbellites. Among The Protestant Bodies Of America They Rank Fifth In Number. Their Strength Is Great Est In The Ohio And Mississippi Valley States. In September ...
Christ In Art
Christ In Art. The Representations Of The Person Of The Saviour Which For A Suc Cession Of Ages Have Constituted One Of The Most Important Subjects Of Christian Art, And Have Occupied The Highest Genius Of Christen Dom, Are All Ideal. The Attempt To Represent The Personal Appearance Of The ...
Christabel
Christabel. Coleridge's Though A Fragment, Is Among All His Works Sec Ond In Fame Only To The (ancient Mariner' (q.v.). The First Part Was Written In 1797, The Second In 1800; And Between Them And The Date Of Its Publication In 1816—a Delay Due Largely To Coleridge's Uncertain Ways — ...
Christian Archieology
Christian Archieology, That De Partment Of Archaeological Science Which, Through The Study Of Inscriptions, Monuments, Frescoes, Household And Ecclesiastical Utensils, Seeks To Throw Light Upon The Ideas, Customs And Events Of The Early Christian Communities. It May Be Said To Have A Beginning In The Days Of Peace Following The ...
Christian Architecture
Christian Architecture, That Of Theschools Which Have Grown Up Among The Peoples Generally Christian In Belief ; But More Especially The Architecture Of Churches And Their Dependencies. The Term Is Used Commonly In Both Senses. Thus, At The Time Of The Gothic Tevival In England (most Active Between 1850 And ...
Christian Church
Christian Church, The, A Body Of Believers Who Adopt This Simple Biblical Name And Accept The Bible As Their Rule Of Faith And Practice, In Devotion To The Principle Of Unity And As A Testimony Against Sectarianism. An Other Body, Commonly Known As The Disciples Of Christ, Are Also Called ...