CHISHOLM, Jesse, pioneer, guide, scout, interpreter and trader: b. Tennessee about 1806; d. March 1868: His father was a Seotchman and his mother a Cherokee Indian. He mi grated to the West while the Cherokees, oc cupied lands in Arkansas, being mentioned 'Ws one of the members of the tribe which. anrotir panied Chptain/Ofiedflikihisrphin‘OefiliPtidition against the Towakon Indians in Texas, about 1827. He was one of the interpreters in the council held with the Wichita, Kiowa and Comanche tribes in the Red River country by Col. Henry Dodge and Gov; Montfort 'Stokes, in 1834, and was prominent as a media tor in most' of the councils, negotiations and treaties made between the government and the wild tribes of the Southern Plains from that time on. He became a trader among the Comanche, Kiowa and other tribes of the plains, and during the course of his trading expeditions he .rescned by ransom nine cap tive children and youths (mostly Mexican) all of whom were adopted and reared in the family with his own children. His home was at Camp Holmes, on the Canadian River. He also esta I fished and maintained trading posts near the present towns of Lexington and Oklahoma City. At the. outbreak Of the Civil War he was for. a time prevailed upon to aid the Confederate authorities in negotiating treaties of alliance with various tribes in the In dian Territorybut, in the latter part .of 1861,
was found among the. refugee Indians who fol lowed Opothleyahola northward to an asylum in Kansas. Tiring of life in the refugee camps, he soon drifted wettward to the mouth of the Little Arkansas, wheve the Wichita 'and affil iated tribes of Indians had settled temporarily and where he engaged in trade. 'In the spring of 1865, he went
from, the Arkansas to the valley of the upper Washita on a. trading trip, the road over which he traveled being ever afterward known as. the Chisholm Trail, des tined to become famous during; the days of the overland cattle traffic. -In the autumn of that year he was active in persuading the hostile Comanche and
leaders to attend the peace council at the mouth of. the Little Arkan sas. He was reputed to have a speaking knowledge of 14 Indian languages, hence the frequent demand for his services as an inter preter by army
explorers and sur veyors. Consult
in the