. CHISHOLM v. GRORGrA, in the United States Supreme Court; the Lase which led the several States to protect themselves from legal responsibility to individuals, while retaining legal powers of aggression. The constitution provides (Art. iii, sec. 2): %The judicial power shall extend to all cases— between a State' and citizens of another State.) Under this pro vision Maryland was sned.soon after the adop tion of the constitution, and acknowledged process by her attorney-general; but the case was compromised, and the question of jurisdic tion did not come up. On 11 July 1792, Alex ander Chisholm of South Carolina, as legatee in an inheritance case, served a process on the governor and attorney-general of Georgia to appear before the August term of the Su preme Court. Georgia instructed its attorney general not to appear, and its counsel to enter a denial that States could be sued by individuals, Or that the Supreme Court had jurisdiction in such cases, but not to 'argue the case. Chief Justice Jay and all the court, except Iredell of North Carolina, found that the court had such jurisdiction; and a writ of inquiry was issued, bat not served be cause Georgia passed an act Snaking service of it a capital offense. Virginia was. as angry as
Georgia; and the Eleventh Amendment to the constitution was introduced into Congress, passed by two-thirds of both Houses 5 March 1794, ratified by the States and' declared in force 8 Jan. 1798. It reads: %Thejudicial power of the United States shall not be con strued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by' citizensof another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.) Efforts •were made to get around this Federal law by having a citizen• assign his claim of his domicile hiving the suit then brought in the name of this State. But it was held that this could not be done (New York v. Louisiana).