DOMINION, OMINION, Africa, a region formerly constituting a large and well-ordered negro state lying south and southwest of Lake Tanganyika, and taking its name from the title of the sovereign. The country forms a kind of basin, bounded on the east by a plateau which rises to the height of from 3000 to 4,000 feet; on the west, also, it is bounded by a series of heights. On the south it has the lofty water shed which separates its streams from those of the Zambesi River system. Its principal stream is the Chambezi, which flows westward into Lake Bangweolo, then northward, under the name of the Luapula, into Lake Moero. The ruler, or muata, used to be feared as a great magician ; he had over 600 wives, and maintained a well-armed body of troops, numbering at one time, it is said, 20,00p. His dominions were divided into districts, each of which had a governor of its, own. These governors and other men of rank formed a body of privileged nobility; all the rest of the inhabitants, farmers, artisans, etc., were looked upon as slaves of the ruler. The population consisted of a ruling race, the Campololos, who had invaded and conquered the country, and the Messiras, the original inhabitants. ft was only Campololos that received official posts, and the Campololo language was the one spoken at court. The people were industrious agriculturists, growing crops of mandioc, maize, sorghum, etc. They manufactured coarse cloths, cords, nets, lines, etc., from cotton and the fibres of certain plants; made weapons and implements of iron; also earthenware, wooden vessels, etc. Cazembe was visited by Lacerda in 1799, and by other Portuguese explorers in 1831. Dr. Livingstone, in 1867, stayed 40 days at the capital, which he found to consist of a number of huts dotted over a large area, and having probably not more than a thousand inhabitants. The Cazembe at this time was a usurper, whose cruelties had done much to depopulate the country, and it was doubtful if he could bring a thousand warriors into the field. The British half of the
country is now included in Rhodesia, and Ca zembe is its chief town. Consult
CAZIN, Jean Charles, French artist: b. Samer, Pas-e-Calais, 1841; d. 1901. He studied under Le Coq de Boibaudran. In 1868 he was appointed director of the Ecole des Beaux Arts and conservator of the museum at Tours. He went to England in 1871 where he devoted himself to designing ceramics for the Fulham pottery. It was not until 1876 that he exhibited pictures. At this time his Chantier> appeared, which was generously re ceived. Next came the en Egypte' (1877) ; 'Le voyage de Tobie) (1878) ; 'Le depart' ; 'L'Art,' for which he received honor able mention. By far the best of his works is the 'Agar et Ismael,' in which he proved himself a master of the landscape-religious . .
picture. For Terre,' an Adam and Eve theme, he obtained a medal of the first class. Other works are 'Souvenir de fete) • 'Poste de secours); 'Judith) (1883) ; and 'La Journee faite,' in which he departs from the religious theme to portray a scene of contemporary reality. He is well known as a landscape painter. His figures are always subservient to the scene. But he has a power of idealization which gives to truth the most delicate air of poetry, a tender melancholy and charm. A wistful, hushed, sympathetic note pervades his works. He attempted to revive the art of en caustic painting. He became a member of the Legion of Honor. He also completed the decorations on the Puvis de Chavannes in the Pantheon (1898). Consult his biography by Benedite (Paris 1901) • and Marcel, 'La Peinture francaise au XIXe siecle) (Paris 1905).