Citizen
Citizen, Originally, A Member Of The Body Of Freemen Entitled To Share In The Government Of A Civitas, Or City-state Of The Ancient Type; As The Roman State Gradually Broadened Into The Entire Ancient World, The Citizenship Was Ex Tended Piecemeal For Political Reasons, Till Justin Ian Made It Coextensive ...
Citizens Industrial Associa Tion
Citizens' Industrial Associa Tion Of America, The. A National Fed Eration Of Local Employers' Associations, Citizens' Alliances And State And National Organizations Representative Of Business Interests, Organized As The Culminating Step In The Movement For The Organization Of Employers In 1903. Nearly All The Large Cities, And Scores Of The ...
Citizenship And Education
Citizenship And Education. The Idea That Schools And Colleges Should Train For Citizenship Is One That In A Measure Depends Upon A Theory Of The State. If The Individual Exists For The State, Then There Is No Doubt But That Any System Of Education Must Train The Individual In All ...
Citizenship In The United
Citizenship In The United States. All Persons Who Are Within The Territorial Jurisdiction Of A State Owe An Alle Giance To It According To The Maxim Protects° Trahit Subjectionem Et Subjectio Pyotectionem, And The Existence Of This Fealty Thus Imposed Is Shown In The Fact That, According To The Public ...
Citric Acid
Citric Acid A Very Widely Distributed Acid, Present In Most Com Mon Fruits, Such As Gooseberries, Currants, Lemons, Citrons, Cherries And Many Others. It Is Also A Constituent Of The Sap Of Many Plants. It Was First Separated And Distinguished By Scheele In 1784. It Is Generally Prepared From The ...
Cittadella
Cittadella, Die-a-della, Italy, City In Province Of Padua, Compartimento Of Venetia, 30 Miles Northwest Of Venice. It Contains Beautiful Churches And Botanical Gardens. Its Modern Industries Are The Manufacture Of Paper, Cotton, Woolen Goods And Linen. It Was Founded In 1220, As A Protection Against Treviso, And Has Still Retained ...
City Councils
City Councils, American. Organ City Councils In The United States Are Usually Of The Single-chamber Type Although Many Cities, Including A Few Of The Larger Ones, Have Councils With The Bicameral Or Double Chamber Organization. In Colonial Times The Single Chamber Prevailed In All The Chartered Boroughs, But After The ...
City Manager Plan Of
City Manager Plan Of Govern Ment. As Outlined In The Charter Of Dayton. Ohio, The Commission Or City Manager Plan Of Municipal Government "shall Consist Of A Com Mission Of Five Citizens, Who Shall Be Elected At Large, . .. Shall Constitute The Governing Body With Power As Hereinafter Provided ...
City Planning
City Planning. Due To The Conges Tion Of Certain Portions Of Cities, And Their Piecemeal Development, Without Regard To Order, With Slums And Inaccessible Suburbs, Greater Attention Is Now Being Paid To The Development Of The Science Of City Planning, For The Purpose Of Balancing The Different Elements Which Con ...
City Of Dreadful Night
City Of Dreadful Night, The. This Well-known Poem By James Thomson Was First Published In The National Reformer In 1874, Under The Initials "b. V.° For Bysshe Vanolis, Thomson's Nom-de-plume. The Work Is The Most Remarkable Example In English Literature Of The Unrestrained Expression Of Intense And Overpowering Gloom. It ...
Civets
Civets, A Family Of Small Carnivorous Mammals, The Viverridre, Related To Both The Hyenas And The Cats. Their Alliance To The Former Appears When The Fossil History Of The Family Is Traced Back To The Early Tertiary, Where The Ancestry Of Both Converges. The Comparatively Coarse Hair And Erectile Mane ...
Civics And Civics Teaching
Civics And Civics Teaching. Civics Is Now A Term Broadly Applied To The Activities Of The Citizen In His Relationship To The State And Society. When It First Came Into Use It Was Generally Interpreted To Mean The Rela Tionship Of The Citizen To The State And Sup Planted The ...
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering. In Order To Understand Clearly What Constitutes Civil Engi Neering, It Will Be Desirable To Consider Briefly The Steps By Which The Different Branches Of The Engineering Profession Have Developed And Have Become Differentiated From One Another. The Profession Of Engineering In Some Form Is As Old As ...
Civil Law
Civil Law, The. 1. Introduction.— The Term Civil Law (jus Civile) Is Commonly And Popularly Used In Several Distinct Senses. Thus We Distinguish It On The One Hand From The !us Gentium And On The Other Hand From The !us Naturale. Again Our Municipal Law Is Called The Civil Law, ...
Cocho 1 Ii0 Chloral
Chloral Hydrate, Co.:cho -1 Ii:0, A Crystalline Solid Composed Of Trichloral Aldehyde With One Molecule Of Water. The Crystals Are Single, Colorless. And Transparent Rhomboids Melting. At F., Rand With An Aromatic Penetrating And Smarting Taste And Slightly Acrid Odor. They Are Freely Soluble In Alcohol, Turpentine, C.hloroforni And Ether. ...
Daggers Cuirass
Cuirass, Daggers, Gauntlets, Helmets, Maces, Shields, Spurs, Swords; Also Japanese And Oriental Arms And Armor. Bibliography.—ashdown, Charles Henry, 'british And Foreign Arms And Armour> (london 1909) ; Asselineau, L. A., 'armes Et Armures Du Moyen Age Et De Ia Renaissance' (paris, N. D.) ; Belleval, Comte De, 'la Pano Plie ...
Dairy Breeds
Dairy Breeds. Jersey Cattle Originated On The Island Of•jer Sey, One Of The Group Of Channel Islands Near The Coast Of France. There They Have Been Bred Pure For More Than A Century. The Law Of The Island Prohibits The Introduction Of Any Other Breed. Jerseys Are Fawn In Color ...
Dria
Dria, A Virgin Of Royal Descent In Alexandria, Who Publicly Confessed The Gospel At A Sacrifi Cial Feast Appointed By The Emperor Maximinus, And Was Therefore Put To Death, After They Had Vainly Attempted To Torture Her On Toothed Wheels, 307 A.d. Hence The Name Of Catharine Wheel (q.v.). No ...
Dual Purpose Cattle
Dual 'purpose Cattle. Red Polled Cattle Are Native To The Counties Of Norfolk And Suffolk In England. As Indi Cated By The Name, These Are Hornless, Red Cattle. Mature Males Ordinarily Weigh 1,800 To 2,000 Pounds, And Cows From 1,250 To 1,300 Pounds. This Is A Distinctly Dual Purpose Breed, ...
Education Of The Deaf
Blind, Education Of The; Deaf, Education Of The. The The Problem Of The Feeble Minded Has Come To Be Recognized As One Of The Most Difficult And Acute Social Questions. It Has Long Been Known That A Considerable Number Of The Inmates Of Reformatories And Prisons Were Mental Defectives But ...
Electron
Electron). It Was Formerly Thought Possible To Arrange The Elements In The Order Of Their Chemical Affinity, So That Each Element In The Array Would Expel All Those That Preceded It From Their Com Binations, And Tables Of This Sort Were Published Two Centuries Ago (in 1718) By Geoffroy. Later, ...
Ernest Ingersoll
Ernest Ingersoll. An Extinct Species Of Eu Ropean Bear Closely Allied To The Living Grizzly, But Attaining A Large Size. Its Remains Are Found In Bone-beds In Caverns, Whence The Name. The Habits Of The Animal Were Probably Not Different From Those Of Modern Bears. The Cave-bear Of South America ...
Ernest Ingersoll Cat
Ernest Ingersoll. Cat, Domestic, The. The Influence Of The Domestic Cat Upon American Civilization Has Received Less Consideration Than It Deserves, For A Great Deal Of The Advance Of Agriculture As Well As Of The Spreading Out Over The Vast Wood Land And Prairies Has Been Made Possible By This ...
H2o So
So, + H2o -= Sulphur Water. Sulphuric Trioxide. Acid. The Standard Method Has Been To Bring The Sulphurous Fumes Into Great Leaden Chambers And There To Effect A Union With Oxygen By Means Of Oxides Of Nitrogen, Which Are Ulti Mately Recovered. This Must Be Done In The Presence Of ...
Indianapolis And Louisville Railway
Chicago, Indianapolis And Louisville Railway. The Company Which Built The First Portion Of The Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville Railway Was The New Albany & Salem Railroad Company, Chartered 8 July 1847, To Build A Railway Between The Points Named In Its Title, A Distance Of 35 Miles. Work Was Begun ...
J Chapman
Chapman, J. Wilbur, American Clergy Man, Evangelist And Author: B. Richmond, Ind., 17 June 1859. He Studied For A Time At Oberlin College And Was Graduated 1879 At Lake Forest University. He Was Educated In Theology At Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio. The De Gree Of D.d. Was Conferred Upon Him ...
Milwaukee And Saint Paul
Chicago, Milwaukee And Saint Paul Railway, A System Operated By The Company Of The Same Name In Illinois, Wiscon Sin, Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho And Washington. History.—the Organization Was Chartered As The Milwaukee And Saint Paul Railway Com Pany, 5 May 1863, The Projectors ...
Municipal Home Rule
Home Rule, Municipal). In Some Other States The Legislature Is Forbidden To Charter Any City By Special Laws, Being Required To Deal With All Cities, Or With All Cities Within Designated Classes, By Means Of A General Enactment Or Municipal Code. In A Few States, Notably In New York And ...
Ohno C411
C411,(oh)(no), 0.937:1:0.974 Cah4(noh 0.943:1:0.538 0.954:1:0.733 The Study Of The Changes Which Result In The Crystal Structures Of Different Substances When Certain Atoms Or Atomic Groups Are Re Placed By Others Necessitates Extremely Accu Rate Physical And Chemical Determinations. A Deeper Insight Into The Results Has Been Obtained By Use Of ...
Old And Middle Irish
Old And Middle Irish : Windisch, Fasste Irische Grammatik> (leipzig 1879); Translated By Mcswinev (dublin 1883) And By Moore (cambridge 1882) ; Strachan, (old-irish Paradigms And Selections From Old Irish Glosses) (london 1909) ; Thurneysen,
Ominion Dominion
Dominion, Ominion, Africa, A Region Formerly Constituting A Large And Well-ordered Negro State Lying South And Southwest Of Lake Tanganyika, And Taking Its Name From The Title Of The Sovereign. The Country Forms A Kind Of Basin, Bounded On The East By A Plateau Which Rises To The Height Of ...
Preferential Voting
Preferential Voting). In Most Cities There Are Strict Regu:ations For The Prevention Of Fraud And Corrupt Practices At Council Elections And In Some Of Them The Maximum Amount That May Be Spent By Candidates, Even For Legitimate Campaign Expenses, Is Rigidly Fixed By Law. City Council Each City Council Adopts ...
Qualitative Analysis Of Inorganic
Qualitative Analysis Of Inorganic Substances. In The Qualitative Analysis Of Inorganic Sub Stances, The Color That A Given Compound Com Municates To The Flame Of A Bunsen Burner Often Affords Useful Information As To The Na Ture Of The Compound, And A Systematic Exam Ination Of The Substance In The ...
Quantitative Analysis Of Inorganic
Quantitative Analysis Of Inorganic Substances. Quantitative Analysis Is Far More Difficult Than Mere Qualitative Analysis, And Cannot Be Treated Adequately In A General Encyclopaedia. As Has Been Said,, Unless The Nature Of The Sub Stance Is Known In Some Other Manner A Pre Liminary Qualitative Analysis Must Be Made. Several ...
River Chateauguay
Chateauguay, River, Lower Canada : Operations On In The War Of 1812; And Battle Of 25 Oct. 1813. (for The Pre Vious Operations In The Campaign Against Mon Treal, See Chrystler's Farm). Gen. Wade Hampton Had Been For Some Months In Com Mand At Burlington, Vt. When Wilkinson Ordered Him ...
Or Camomile Chamomile
Chamomile, Or Camomile (an Themis Nobilis), A Plant Belonging To The Family Asteracea'. It Is An Herb With Slender, Trailing, Hairy And Branched Stems. The Leaves Are Doubly Pinnate, With Linear Pointed Pinnw. The Head Of Flowers Is White, With A Yellow Centre. Both Leaves And Flowers Of This Plant ...
Or Catalytic Action Catalysis
Catalysis, Or Catalytic Action (gk Iarcabetv, To Dissolve). Certain Chemical Reactions Are Very Markedly Accelerated In The Presence Of Substances Which Emerge From The Reaction Unaltered. For Example, Cane Sugar Is Inverted (changed Into A Mixture Of Dextrose And Levulose). In The Presence Of Acids With A Velocity That Increased ...
Or Cavern Cave
Cave, Or Cavern, An Opening Produced By Nature In The Solid Crust Of The Earth. Caves Are Principally Met With In Limestone And Gyp Sum As A Result Of The Solvent Action Of Ordinary Circulating Underground Water. Less Often They Occur In Sandstone, And In Volcanic Rocks (ba Salt, Lava, ...
Or Cawnpur Cawnpore
Cawnpore, Or Cawnpur, India, Capital City Of The District Of The Same Name, In The Northwest Provinces, On The Right Bank Of The Ganges, Which Is Here About A Mile Wide, 130 Miles Northwest From Allahabad. It Is A Modern Town With Nothing Specially Note Worthy About It As Regards ...
Or Centiped Centipede
Centipede, Or Centiped, One Of Those Myriapods (chilopoda) With Long, Many Jointed, Flattened Bodies, Each Segment Bearing Only A Single Pair Of Appendages, Which Take The Form Of Legs Behind The Head. The Mouth Parts, Besides A Pair Of Jaws (mandibles), Con Sist Of Two Pairs Of Maxilla:, Those Of ...
Or Charlemagne Charles
Charles, Or Charlemagne (caw Lus Magnus), King Of The Franks, And Subse Quently Emperor Of The West, Holy Roman Em Peror: H. Probably At Aix-la-chapelle, 2 April 742; D. There 28 Jan. 814. His Father Was Pepin The Short, King Of The Franks, Son Of Charles Martel. After The Decease ...
Or Che Chi Ang Che Kiang
Che-kiang, Or Che-chi Ang, China, A Maritime Province Lying North Of Fu-kien And South Of Kiang-su And Includ Ing The Chusan Archipelago; Area, 39,150 Square Miles. The Province Is Of Great Commercial Importance, Containing Three Treaty Ports, Ning-po, Wan-chau (wen-chow) And Hang Chau (hang-chow) All Of Which Are Connected With ...
Or Chi Arooscuro Chiaroscuro
Chiaroscuro, Or Chi Arooscuro, Ke-i-ro- (it. Chiaro, Clear; Oscuro, Dark), In Painting The Art Of Judiciously Distributing The Lights And Shadows In A Picture. A Composition, However Perfect In Other Re Spects, Becomes A Picture Only By Means Of The Chiaroscuro, Which Gives Faithfulness To The Rep Resentation, And Therefore ...
Or Chorale Choral
Choral, Or Chorale (ger. Choral And Corale). This Form Of Melody, To Which Sacred Songs Or Hymns Are Sung By The Congregation In Unison, May Almost Be Said To Belong Ex Clusively To The German Protestant Church, This Style Of Music Having Been Introduced By Luther In The Early Part ...
Or Chromic Iron Chromite
Chromite, Or Chromic Iron, The Only Important Ore Of The Metal Chromium And The Source Of All Of The Chromium Salts. Chemically Considered It Is A Chromate Of Ferrous Iron Fecr204, But It Is Usually Classified By Mineralogists Among The Oxides Of The Spinel Group As A Compound Of Iron ...
Or Chronograph Chronoscope
Chronoscope, Or Chronograph, An Instrument Contrived To Measure The Dura Tion Of Certain Short-lived Luminous ,phenomena, Such As The Electric Spark, Of Which The Eye Itself Can Be No Judge, Owing To The Persistence Of Impressions Of Light Un The After The Cause Of Seii,ation Ha, (i Th, Phenomenon Is ...
Or Cubic Nitre Chile
Chile Saltpetre, Or Cubic Nitre, Is Nitrate Of Sodium, Nals10,, Which, However, Is Not Really Cubic, But Crystallizes In Very Obtuse Angled Rhombohedra. It Is Found In Beds In The Rainless District Of Tarapaca, In Chile, Where It Occurs Sometimes Of Great Purity, But Is Gen-, Erally Mixed With Other ...
Or Monday Chats Causeries
Causeries Du Lundi, Or Monday Chats, Was The Title Given By Sainte-beuve To The Articles Which He Contributed Every Mon Day For Nearly 20 Years, Beginning With 1849, To The Daily Newspapers Le Constitutionnel And (after 1852) Le Moniteur. Their 15 Vol Umes, Together With The Three Volumes Of The ...
Or Saint Vitus Dance
Chorea, Or Saint Vitus' Dance, Is A Disease Of The Central Nervous System Characterized By Disturbances Of Spontaneous And Co-ordinating Movements. It Occurs Usually In The Later Years Of Childhood Or Less Frequently The Earlier Years Of Adolescence And Is More Common In Girls Than In Boys. The Motor Symptoms ...
Or Tchekhov Chekhoff
Chekhoff, Or Tchekhov, Anton Pavlovitch, Russian Author: B. Taganrog 1860; D. 1904. Of Humble He Yet Received A Good Education, Studied Medicine At The Uni Versity Of Moscow, And Practised Only About A Year In A Small Cholera Hospital. At The Age Of 19 He Began Writing Short Stories Under ...
Or Testudi Nata Chelonia
Chelonia, Or Testudi Nata, Tes-du-di-na'ta, An Order Or Sub-class Of Reptilia (q.v.) Containing The Turtles And Tortoises, And One Of The Most Sharply Defined Groups Of Vertebrates. The Body Is Enclosed In A More Or Less Well-developed Bony Box, From Which The Head, Neck, Tail And Two Pairs Of Limbs ...