A way was finally found from Milliken's withdrew into Vicksburg, followed by Grant. On the 19th Grant ordered an assault, which was repulsed, and again on the 22d, with the same result. A regular siege was then under taken, and Pemberton's army was starved out and surrendered 4 July. See also JACKSON, SIEGE OF; YAZOO CITY.
On 24 May 1863, Gen. J. M. Schofield, who had been active and prominent in Missouri from the first, relieved General Curtis in command of the Department of the Missouri. During the Vicksburg campaign he sent all troops that could be spared to Grant. Upon their return he was able to advance General Steele to the line of the Arkansas and hold it thereafter.
also HELENA; LITTLE ROCK; PINE BLUFF). ring 8-14 June, Grant received a division from Gen. S. A. Hurlbut's command, under Gen. Sooy Smith, one from the Department of the Missouri, under General Herron, and two divi sions of the Ninth corps under Gen. J. G. Parke. During the operations of General Grant about Bend (q.v.) by way of New Carthage to a point on the river opposite Bruinsburg. On the night of 16 April the memorable running of the Vicksburg batteries by the fleet of Admiral Porter, convoying transports, was successfully accomplished. The means of ferrying his forces over the Mississippi being thus secured, the advance of the army crossed 30 April. Port Gibson was captured 1 May, after a stubborn and most gallant defense against a greatly superior force by Generals Bowen, Baldwin and Cockrell. Grant was then on solid ground in rear of Vicksburg. See also .RAYMOND.
He moved at once to intervene between Pem berton at Vicksburg and Johnston, who was seeking a junction with Pemberton. Johnston was forced out of Jackson by Sherman's and Gen. James B. McPherson's troops 14 May. Grant then turned toward Pemberton, advanc ing from Vicksburg, defeated him at Champion's Hill (q.v.) on the 16th, again at Big Black Bridge (q.v.) on the 18th, whence Pemberton Vicksburg General Banks was active in Louis iana. After three unsuccessful attempts against Port Hudson (q.v.), which he twice assaulted, it finally surrendered 8 July, upon hearing of the capture of Vicksburg.
In January, February and March 1863, the Union ironclads under Admiral Dupont made unsuccessful attacks upon Fort McAllister(q.v.) in the Ogeechee River, but in one of them de stroyed the noted blockade-runner Nashville. The Confederates were active on the North Carolina coast early in 1863 (see NEWBERN; WASHINGTON; SUFFOLK) and General Hoke captured Plymouth (q.v.) 20 April 1864. See also ALBEMARLE, THE The campaign of the year in the Army of the Potomac was opened by Hooker. (See STONEMAN'S VIRGINIA RAID). On 28 April Gen. John Sedgwick's corps was thrown across the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg, the rest of his army crossing above at Kelly's ford, and thence advancing across the Rapidan at Ger manna and Ely's fords, to and beyond Chancel lorsville (q.v.). His force was fully twice that of Lee. On 1 May Hooker's advance fell back to Chancellorsville. On 2 May “Stone wall)) Jacicson's corps of three divisions was descried at different times during the day from several points of the Union line moving toward its right. No preparations were made to guard against a flank attack, though orders to that effect were early given. At 6 P. M., while.the troops of the Eleventh corps holding the right were at supper, Jackson's solid columns burst upon them and disastrously routed the Union nght. On the 3d Sedgwick's corps advanced from Fredericksburg to Salem Church, was de feated that afternoon, and recrossed the river on the night of the 4th. The night of the 2d Jackson, reconnoitering in front of his pickets, was mistakenly fired on by them and mortally wounded. On the 3d, by hot fighting, Hooker's lines were forced further to the rear. The 4th passed without an engagement, as Lee, with the greater part of his army, was at Salem Church. The night of the 5th Hooker, thor oughly defeated, recrossed the river, and his army was reassembled at Falmouth.
On 3 June, Lee, from Fredericicsburg, gan his second invasion of the North, street's troops leading. After minor ments in the Valley (see FLEETWOOD AND