. CONFECTIONERY TFtADE. It is doubtful if there is any modern industry that has experienced more radical changes during the past hundred years than the trade of confectionery-making. Prior to the year 1851, the manufacture of °boiled sweets,* as candy was then called, was so largely an English specialty that the manufac turers of Great Britain might be said to have had almost entire control of the industry. In fact, it was not until the time of the great in ternational exposition at London that the con fectioners of other countries began to realize just how much their British brethren had achieved, but their unique display of candies and sweetments gave such an Impetus to the trade that the effect was felt in every part of the civilized world. Germany imitated all its choicest products; France excelled, especially in the making of chocolate bonbons, and the candy-makers of the United States returned from the ubig show* with ideas that soon made the importation of English sweets unnecessary.
In spite of the fact that England had long been the great candy-making country of the world, however, there had been confectioners in the United States long before the opening of the London exposition, and there are ample records in proof of the fart that they, too, had produced original creations that other nations vtere glad to copy. As early as 1816 there were no less than 20 confectioners in the city of Philadelphia, all of whom were engaged in the manufacture and sale of candies. Among these pioneers in the confectionery business one may record the names of Sebastian Henrion, who was succeeded by the firm of Henrion & Chauveau, in 1844, and Sebastian Chauveau, the first candy-maker to tnanufacture gum-drops, jujube paste and marshmallows in the United States. Another prominent manufacturer of the old time was Paul Lalas, who, in 1831, changed his business from that of candy-mak ing to that of sugar-refining, while the list of Philadelphia confectionery-makers includes the names of George Miller, William N. Herring, S. S. Rennels and J. J. Richardson. Atnong the many old-time confectioners in the city of New York were Ridley & Company, a firm that was established as early as 1806; R. L.
Stuart, James Thompson, John Stryker and Delmonico Brothers. In Boston, as early as 1816, Arnold Copenhagen, Lawrence Nichols and William Fenno were prominently identi fied with the candy industry, while Joseph Bouvey, Augustus M. Price and John L. Bridges were among the leading manufactur ers and dealers in confectionery in Baltimore. Throughout the United States there were some other cities that could boast of candy-malcers, but the records of those days are U3 meagre that but few of the names can be rec,alled.
In the beginning, of course, the art of candy manufacture was in a vety crude state. Prior to 1845, it was almost invariably the rule that the manufacturers themselves sold at re tail practically all the candy that they manu factured. As a rule this stock in tmde was confined to such ordinary products as the old fashioned stick candy, sugar plums and the ordinary molasses candy. Finer goods, or candies in fancy shapes, were almost exclusively imported and were sold at a much higher price than the crude candies of home manufacture. About 1825 the foreign manufacturers began to use a little machinery in their factories, but the actual introduction of machinery in the malting of confectionery dates from about 1840. The first machine of this character to be brought to the United States was imported by' Sebastian Chauveau of Philadelphia, in 1845. This was a revolving steam-pan. In 1846 Oli ver R. Chase, who, with his brother, formed the firm of Chase & Company, invented a ma. chine for the making of lozenges. For some years this firm had been engaged in making this once popular confection as a specialty, and it was to meet the constantly increasing de mand for their product that this new invention was conceived and constructed to their model. In 1866, a further innovation in the lozenges manufacture was produced by Daniel G. Chase. This was a machine for printing on candies, and it W1LS to this invention that the well-re membered conversation lozenges owed its ex istence.