The Revolt of 1916.— Coincident with the attempt of Sir Roger Casement (q.v.), with German assistance, to land arms and ammuni tion in the west of Ireland, a serious revolt broke out in the capital, and in some other parts of the country. It was organized by the Sinn Feiners, the ultra-radical, physical-force nation alist organization, and was begun on Easter Monday, 24 April 1916. A large body of rebels seized Saint Stephen's Green. The post office was captured; telegraph and telephone wires were cut; and houses in different parts of the city occupied by the insurgents. An Irish republic was proclaimed, and a provi sional government appointed. An attack on Dublin Castle was repulsed. The authorities, while cognizant of collusion between the Ger man government and the Sinn Feiners and apprehensive of armed revolt, were taken un awares by the suddenness of the outbreak; mili tary law was proclaimed, all available troops were hurried from the Curragh Camp, and the work of attempting to reoccupy the parts of the city taken by the rebels began. On the day fol lowing the outbreak a gunboat on the Liffey shelled Liberty Hall, the headquarters of the rebels, and cavalry charged them in Sackville street. Severe fighting, great loss of life among soldiers, rebels and peaceful citizens alike, and many destructive fires ensued; but on May 1 the revolt terminated with the surrender of Provi sional President Pearse who at the same time advised the insurgents to lay down arms. In
addition to this 1,000 arrests were made. The casualties among the military were 127 killed and 352 wounded, and among the non-military population there were 1,930 casualties, with 200 killed The end of the revolt was followed by a visit to Dublin of Premier Asquith, and by an abortive attempt to settle by consent the Irish Home Rule controversy. For details of the rebellion, see IRELA ND.
Bibliography.— Cosgrave and Strangways, of Dublin' • Falkiner, The Phoenix Park Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Gilbert, of Dublin) (3 vols.) ; Gilbert, of Ireland) ; Halliday, dinavian Dublin); Harris, of ; Lewis, Dictionary) ; Thom's 'Dublin Directory. Ancient Records of the City of Dublin' (10 vols.) ; Warburton, Whitelaw & Walsh, (History of Dublin' (2 vols.) ; • Saint Patrick's Cathedral, and Christ Church Cathe dral, in Bell's Cathedral Series; article by Pro fessor Dowden, in Century Magazine, Vol. 7, p. 167 (1884) Gerald, (Pictorial Dublin) (1897) ; Chart, ?Dublin in the Mediaeval Towns Series' (1907).