EARLY ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, the name generally given to the first pointed Gothic used in England. This style of archi tecture began to be used in'England about the end of the 12th century and lasted for about 100 years. It immediately succeeded the Nor man and finally merged in the Decorated style. It is characterized by long lance-shaped win dows, which are often gathered into clusters and enclosed by a large arch, the space between which and the tops of the windows is often .pierced with circular, trefoil or quatrefoil , ornaments. The molding consists of alternate rounds and deeply cut hollows, separated by small fillets. The doorways are often divided into two by a single shaft. The stones used were large and massive; the windows small. Later the entire structure was made lighter and thinner. The vaults were low and the flying buttress and arch were for the most part replaced by side-aisle roofs. Of this style
are the choir of Canterbury (1175-84); Salis bury Cathedral (1220-58); and the choirs of Chester, Gloucester, Worcester and portions of the choirs of Ely and Winchester. Consult Moore, 'Medieval Church Architecture in Eng land) (New York 1912) ; Prior, (History of Gothic Architecture in England' (London land> 1900); (ib. 1 Bondy, Gothic Architecture in Eng ).
a slit or notch on one or both ears of cattle made when the calf was being branded and to serve as a means of identifi cation. It was much used in the Western States of the Union in the halcyon days of the great ranches. Earmarks could be distin guished at a greater distance than the brand as the cattle when approached by a cattleman turned and faced him, thus permittting him to decipher the earmark readily.